Kontekstualisasi (Pendidikan) Antropologi Indonesia

Abstract

Dunia pendidikan Indonesia saat ini berada dalam kondisi yang ambivalen. Pendidikan yang seharusnya dapat secara positif membekali manusia dengan modal pengetahuan praktis maupun substantif yang berguna justru mempunyai potensi yang sebaliknya, yaitu menjadi kendala bagi pembangunan berkelanjutan karena tuntutan-tuntutan praktis, khusus, dan sesaat yang dikehendaki oleh kepentingan-kepentingan ekonomi, politik, dan sosial yang selalu berubah. Fakta tersebut menjadi latar belakang penulisan artikel ini yang bertujuan mengajukan sebuah wacana tentang kontekstualisasi pendidikan Antropologi di Indonesia agar pendidikan dapat berfungsi sebagaimana idealnya. Setelah melakukan pengamatan terhadap fakta yang ada dengan menggunakan analisis berbasis teori-teori Antropologi dan ilmu sosial, diperoleh beberapa kesimpulan, diantaranya, kontekstualisasi pendidikan Antropologi Indonesia harus diupayakan untuk mengisi nasionalisme Indonesia dengan jiwa baru untuk menghadapi krisis akulturasi akibat sistem komunikasi global. Dalam pendidikan antropologi, para peserta didik secara total mestinya diberi kesempatan mengembangkan daya apresiasi, empati/afektif dan kognitifnya sesuai dengan pengalaman hidupnya untuk berwacana dengan subyek yang dipelajarinya. Untuk mewujudkan hal itu salah satu pendekatan yang sesuai adalah pendekatan reflektif partisipatoris agar dapat menjangkau ranah kognitif dan simbolik suatu identitas sosial budaya yang sedang berubah, sehingga akan sampai pada hasil yang lebih bersifat pengetahuan reflektif dan apresiatif, yaitu pada penemuan eksistensi manusia itu sendiri. Education in Indonesia is currently in an ambivalent state. Education should positively equip people with practical and substantive knowledge capital that has the potential to be useful, instead of becoming an obstacle to sustainable development because of the practical, specific, and momentary demand of the ever-changing economic, political, and social interests. The fact has encouraged the authors to write this article which aims to propose a discourse about the contextualization of educational anthropology in Indonesia in order that education can serve its fundamental purposes. After observing the fact by using analysis involving the theories of anthropology and social sciences, it is obtained several conclusions, among them is that contextualization of Indonesian Anthropology education should be made to fill the new spirit of Indonesian nationalism with acculturation to deal with the crisis caused by global communication system. In anthropology education, the learners in total should be given the opportunity to develop the appreciation, empathy / affective and cognitive experience of his life according to a learned discourse on the subject. To realize that, one appropriate approach is reflective participatory approach in order to reach the cognitive and symbolic discourse of a changing socio-cultural identity, so it will create more reflective and appreciative knowledge, namely the discovery of human existence itself.

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