Konvergensi di Indonesia, Beberapa Temuan Awal dan Implikasinya

Abstract

Recently convergence of regional per capita income has been a frequent object of regional studies as well as the case of Indonesia. However, different methods often yield different results therefore we ty to choose the appropriate methods. Rather alpha-convergence, we use theil index to analyze regional disparity and found that regional convergence in Indonesia does not appear to be a simple monotonic process, but seems to vary over time and hence requires explanation. From here, we suggest that the use of long-term interval in regression of beta-convergence analysis will destroy the relationship among variables. The use of least square methods only suitable for absolute beta-convergence analysis. We conclude that the most appropriate methods for conditional beta-convergence are instrumental methods. As an alternative one, we suggest panel-data methods.We found that the convergence rate in Indonesia is slow at 1,59 percent per year over 1975-2000. With conditional convergence analysis, we found that the difference on growth rate can be explained systematically by a set of explanatory variables. The inclusion of these variables makes the convergence rate become faster which is 3,91 percent per year. Most of this variables are under controlled by government. In summary, we conclude that government policies have significant influence for rapid and sustainable regional economic growth.

Dampak Desentralisasi Fiskal terhadap Konvergensi Pendapatan Perkapita antar Kabupaten/Kota di Indonesia

“…Hasil penelitian tersebut memperkuat hasil penelitian dari Garcia & Soelistianingsih (1998), Wibisono (2003), dan Vidyattama (2013) yang menemukan adanya konvergensi pendapatan per kapita antar kabupaten/kota antara tahun 1999 sampai dengan 2008 walaupun ketimpangan pendapatan per kapita antar kabupaten/kota yang relatif tinggi dibanding level provinsi dengan tren yang cenderung fluktuatif. Kemudian, pada tahun 2009 ada kenaikan dari 1,164 menjadi 1,175 (dapat dilihat di lampiran 1) di mana periode tersebut bertepatan dengan badai krisis finansial global yang memberikan efek guncangan pada perekonomian Indonesia.…”

The Effect of Fiscal Decentralization on Economic Convergence amongst Regions in Java Island (Spatial Econometric Approach)

“…Several literatures show how the role of fiscal decentralization affects the economic convergence process. Most of the results from these studies indicate that fiscal decentralization plays a significant role in the growth of per capita income and accelerating the convergence of per capita income (Linn, 1980;Wibisono, 2003;Oates, 1993;Negara & Khoirunurrofik, 2021).…”

Endowments, Location Or Luck? Evaluating The Determinants Of Sub-National Growth In Decentralized Indonesia

“…This paper uses districts rather than provinces as the unit of analysis. Most previous studies on Indonesia have used provincial level data (Garcia and Soelistianingsih, 1998;Wibisono, 2003), although recently some other researchers have started using district level data (Landiyanto et al, 2005;Fitrani, 2005). This paper builds on the work done by Fitrani (2005), who looked at the growth performance of Indonesia's districts from 1993 to 2003, finding conditional growth convergence after decentralization.…”