Köpek Meme Tümörlerinde B-Mode Ekodesen Analizi ve Renkli Doppler Ultrasonografi

Abstract

Forty-one mammary gland tumors from twenty eight bitches were used for the study. Ultrasonographic examinations of tumor masses were performed before surgical excision and a quadratic region-of-interest (ROI) was chosen randomly on B-mode tumor images for the echotexture analyses. All tumors were evaluated histopathologically after surgery. Contrast (CONT), Mean Gradient (MG), Mean Value (MV), Homogeneity (HOM), Entropy (ENTR) and Gray Value (GV) parameters were used for the texture analyses of ultrasonographic images. Ultrasonographic image characteristics were additionally evaluated by the following macroscopic patterns: tumor shape, invasion of tumor to surrounding tissue, tumor border sharpness, echogenicity of tumor, hyperechogenic artifact, anechogenic artifact, and shadow around tumor. After B-mode ultrasonographic examination, Pulsatility Index (PI), Resistive Index (RI), Peak Systolic Flow Velocity (Vmax) and Number of Color Pixel (CP) parameters were evaluated by means of color Doppler sonography. Statistical analysis of the HOM and GV parameters indicated that there was a significant difference between benign (3.10 and 1.14) and malignant tumors (1.54 and 0.57; P<0.01). Besides, a significant difference was found between images of MalignantMixed Tumors (MMT) and Benign-Mixed Tumors (BMT) with regard to CONT and HOM (p< 0.001). In addition, MV was significantly higher in malignant tumors in comparison to the benign cases (P<0.05). A significant negative correlation was found between tumor size and MV in malignant tumor and adenocarcinoma cases (-0.991/ P<0.05; -0.999/P<0.01, respectively). On the other hand, there was a positive correlation between tumor size and GV (0.961/P<0.05) in malignant tumors. Keywords

Recent Advances in Canine Medicine

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“…Various re-targetting strategies have been tried to enhance the specificity, efficiency and safety of AAV vectors, in particular: (1) direct re-targeting by modification of the viral capsid using the optimal insertion site that ensures the presentation of a targeting peptide on the viral surface but does not interfere with packaging [56][57][58] and (2) indirect re-targeting using a molecule bound to the viral surface that binds specifically and stably to the target cell (e.g. glycoside molecules and bispecific antibodies) [59,60]. In another study, two unique features of AAV and B19 virus were exploited to create a chimeric recombinant vector system to specifically target the primitive erythroid progenitors in human bone marrow cells [61].…”

“…SAT is used for antigen detection by serially diluting the clinical sample and then incubating it with a fixed amount of RBC containing virus surface receptors. The virus particles in the sample bind to the RBC and form a lattice that can be seen visually [60].…”

Diseases of the Canine Prostate Gland

“…Echostructure analysis or computerized histogram analysis of sonographical pictures is a method well-known in human medicine for diagnosis of mammary tumors. Similarly in dogs, the method proved to be useful for the diagnosis of mammary carcinomas [60]. For this method, the gland is examined via B-mode sonography and the pictures are digitalized.…”

“…Then so-called regions of Interest (ROI) are marked in the pictures (Figure 3) and objectively evaluated by using computer-assisted analysis. (software: for example ImageJ; Wayne Rasband, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA) The echostructure analysis provides information about brightness, micro-and macrotexture, homogeneity, and contrast differences within a certain tissue [60,61]. In a previous study, the echostructure method was used to Diseases of the Canine Prostate Gland DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.105835 differentiate between BPH and chronical prostatitis.…”