“…The document screening process and results are shown in Figure 1. Of the 22 included guidelines, 2 were from European urology association (Gratzke et al, 2015;Gravas et al, 2019), eight from China (Zhang et al, 2007;Zhu et al, 2011;Wang, 2015;Zhang et al, 2016;Sun et al, 2017;Yu and Gao, 2017;Zhang et al, 2017;Geng, 2018), while only one from Japan (Homma et al, 2017), Brazil (Cavalcanti et al, 2006), Finland (Tammela et al, 2012), Germany (Hofner, 2007), the United Kingdom (Chapple, 2015), WHO (Cockett et al, 1991), Italy (Spatafora et al, 2012), Malaysia (Chang, 1998), Canada (Nickel et al, 2018), the United States (Mcvary et al, 2011), South Africa (Bereczky et al, 2006), and Korea (Yeo et al, 2016), respectively. The basic characteristics of the included guidelines are shown in Table 1.…”