Korelasi positif ekspresi cyclooxygenase-2 dengan microvessel density pada karsinoma nasofaring

Abstract

Pendahuluan: Tumor memerlukan proses pembentukan pembuluh darah baru untuk tumbuh dan bermetastasis yang dikenal sebagai proses angiogenesis. Angiogenesis dapat dinilai secara imunohistokimia dengan Microvessel Density (MVD). Proses angiogenesis dapat dipicu oleh berbagai faktor angiogenik. Beberapa penelitian menemukan ekspresi Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) meningkat pada kanker. COX-2 dapat merangsang pengeluaran faktor-faktor angiogenik. Pada penelitian ini akan dilihat apakah angiogenesis, yang dinilai dengan MVD, pada karsinoma nasofaring memiliki korelasi dengan COX-2. Tujuan: Mengetahui korelasi ekspresi COX-2 dengan MVD pada penderita karsinoma nasofaring di RSUP H. Adam Malik Medan. Metode: Penelitian ini bersifat analitik dengan studi potonglintang. Dua puluh empat sampel diperiksa secara imunohistokimia untuk ekspresi COX-2 dan MVD. Kemudian hasil dianalisa dengan uji Spearman. Hasil: Ekspresi COX-2 positif ditemukan pada 17 (70,83%) subyek dan dijumpai negatif pada 7 (29,17%). Ditemukan 17 (70,83%) jaringan karsinoma nasofaring dengan MVD tinggi dan 7 (29,17%) dengan MVD rendah. Ditemukan adanya korelasi positif sedang antara ekspresi COX-2 dengan MVD (r=0,559; p=0,005). Kesimpulan: Ditemukan ada korelasi positif sedang antara ekspresi COX-2 dan MVD pada karsinoma nasofaring. Kata kunci : Karsinoma nasofaring, Cyclooxygenase-2, Microvessel density ABSTRACTIntroduction: Tumor needs new blood vessel formation to grow and metastasize. New blood vessel formation is known as angiogenesis. Angiogenesis is determined by Microvessel Density (MVD) using immunohistochemical examination. Angiogenesis was affected by various angiogenic factors. Recent studies found elevated COX-2 expression in cancers. COX-2 can stimulate angiogenic factors. This research assessed the correlation between COX-2 and angiogenesis, determined by MVD. Purpose: To find out the correlation between COX-2 and MVD in nasopharyngeal carcinoma in H. Adam Malik Hospital. Method: This is a cross sectional analytical research. Twenty four samples was observed by immunohistochemical examination for COX-2 expression and MVD. The results then were analyzed using Spearman correlation test. Result: Positive COX-2 expression was found in 17 (70.83%) subjects and negative in 7 (29,17%) subjects. High MVD was found in 17 (70.83%) subjects and low MVD was found in 7 (29.17%) subjects. There was moderate positive correlation between COX-2 expression and MVD (r=0,559; p=0,005). Conclusion: COX-2 is moderate positively correlated with MVD in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.Keywords :Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Microvessel density, Cyclooxygenase-2.

COMPARISON OF POLYMORPHISM rs2070672 CYP2E1 GENE PROPORTION IN EARLY AND ADVANCED STAGE OF UNDIFFERENTIATED TYPE NASOPHARYNGEAL CARCINOMA IN BALINESE

“…Initial stages were found in 9 subjects (13.8%) and advanced stages as many as 56 subjects (86.2%). This result is in correspond with Hasibuan et al (2014), whose obtain 62.5% subjects with stage IV NPC and none stage I NPC [7]. Study in Europe obtain as many as 39.1% of early stage NPC and 60.9% of late stage NPC [8].…”

“…The distribution of subjects based on the clinical stage of undifferentiated type NPC in the Balinese was an early stage as many as 9 subjects (13.8%) and an advanced stage as many as 56 subjects (86.2%). This is in accordance with several studies such as Hasibuan et al as many as 62.5% of patients with stage IV NPC and no patient in stage I [7]. Research in Europe found 39.1% of patients with early-stage NPC and 60.9% of patients with advanced-stage [7].…”

“…This is in accordance with several studies such as Hasibuan et al as many as 62.5% of patients with stage IV NPC and no patient in stage I [7]. Research in Europe found 39.1% of patients with early-stage NPC and 60.9% of patients with advanced-stage [7]. Research in Padang Djamil Hospital stated early-stage NPC in 13.64% and advanced stages in 86.36%.…”

“…Adham et al stated the comparison according to gender are 70.4% in men and 29.6% in women with a ratio of 2.4: 1 [15]. Hasibuan et al reported the incidence rate of NPC in males and females was 3: 1 [7]. The high incidence in men is thought to be due to occupational factors and life habits that are more often exposed to carcinogens [13].…”

Characteristic of nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients in Sanglah General Hospital Denpasar period 2016-2020

“…Misdiagnosis often results from a lack of knowledge about the early signs and symptoms of nasopharyngeal carcinoma [1]. Therefore, early symptoms of NPC are often overlooked and patients are diagnosed after the size of the tumor and enlarged lymph nodes are large at an advanced stage so that patients often come for treatment when they are at an advanced stage [14].…”