Korrosionsuntersuchungen an chemisch beständigen Stählen mit Hilfe von stationären Reaktivierungsmessungen (Umschaltversuchen)

Bühler, Hans‐Eugen; Gerlach, Lutz; Schlerkmann, H.; Schwenk, W.; Shoeib, Madiha A.

doi:10.1002/1521-4176(200101)52:1<65::aid-maco65>3.0.co;2-l

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…These latter steps and contributions and, in particular, the most recent EPR implementation history, are also listed & albeit in a sketchy manner & in the 'history box' overleaf. o duplex stainless steels [28,43], ferritic stainless steels [29] o nickel base alloys [30,[44][45][46][47][48][49][50] o materials for nuclear applications [32,36,46,49,50,51] o alloy microstructure and precipitation [28,30,[33][34][35][36][40][41][42]46,[48][49][50] o improvements of technique, the understanding thereof and modifications thereto [26,29,30,37,38,46,[52][53][54][55] o coatings [56,57] Key Engineering Materials Vols. 261-263 857…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The authoress of paper[37] also fell victim to an erroneous belief, viz., that the original EPR technique was proposed by Prazak (1963). 0.01M H 2 SO 4 + 20 ppm KSCN, deaerated, RT, 0.5 mV/s[47] applied to Ni75Cr16Fe8 alloy; • 0.5M H 2 SO 4 + 0.01M KSCN[55] applied to Cr18Ni10 steel; • 0.5M H 2 SO 4 + 0.01M KSCN, 25'C, at 100 mV/min. applied to Cr18Ni12Mo2N[32] and Cr18Ni9Ti[38] steels; • 0.5M H 2 SO 4 + 0.01M KSCN, 26'C[33] applied to Cr18Ni10 and Cr17Ni10Mo steels; same conditions (deaerated solution) applied to Cr19Ni10 steel[26]; • 0.5M H 2 SO 4 + 0.01M KSCN, deaerated, 6 V/h[35] applied to Cr17Ni10Mo2N steel; • 0.5M H 2 SO 4 + 0.01M KSCN, RT, 0.1 mV/s [42] applied to Cr20Ni11Mo2 weld metal; • 0.5M H 2 SO 4 + 0.01M NH 4 SCN, RT, 6 V/h [34] applied to grade Cr18Ni10Mo steel; • 0.01M H 2 SO 4 + 20 ppm KSCN, deaerated, RT, 0.5 mV/s [50] * applied to Ni74Cr16Fe9 alloy; • 33% H 2 SO 4 + % HCl variable from 0.2 to 0.5%, magnetic agitation, without deaeration, room temperature, 10 min.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Potentiodynamic Reactivation: Development and Applications of the EPR Test

Číhal

Štefec

Shoji

et al. 2004

KEM

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The EPR test, designed to examine of the susceptibility to nonuniform, primarily intergranular corrosion, ranks among the more successful testing technique developments relating to stainless steels and alloys. One of its numerous advantages is that it lends itself to non-destructive, on-site examination. EPR enjoyed wide expansion over the years since first conceived by Čihal in 1969. Recent EPR measurements tend to focus on (1) double and/or single loop EPR as a modern technique used to establish the resistance of stainless steels and alloys to intergranular corrosion; (2) detecting integranular corrosion (IGC) and intergranular stress corrosion cracking (IGSCC) susceptibility in alloy steels and nickel alloys for nuclear engineering applications; and (3) studies of grain boundary precipitation and other minute local changes to alloy composition and structure.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Electrochemical Potentiodynamic Reactivation: Development and Applications of the EPR Test

Číhal

Štefec

Shoji

et al. 2004

KEM

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Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

Sidhom¹,

Amadou²,

Sahlaoui³

et al. 2007

Metall Mater Trans A

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The evaluation of the degree of sensitization (DOS) to intergranular corrosion (IGC) of a commercial AISI 316L austenitic stainless steel aged at temperatures ranging from 550°C to 800°C during 100 to 80,000 hours was carried out using three different assessment methods.(1) The microstructural method coupled with the Strauss standard test (ASTM A262). This method establishes the kinetics of the precipitation phenomenon under different aging conditions, by transmission electronic microscope (TEM) examination of thin foils and electron diffraction. The subsequent chromium-depleted zones are characterized by X-ray microanalysis using scanning transmission electronic microscope (STEM). The superimposition of microstructural time-temperature-precipitation (TTP) and ASTM A262 time-temperature-sensitization (TTS) diagrams provides the relationship between aged microstructure and IGC. Moreover, by considering the chromium-depleted zone characteristics, sensitization and desensitization criteria could be established. (2) The electrochemical method involving the double loop-electrochemical potentiokinetic reactivation (DL-EPR) test. The operating conditions of this test were initially optimized using the experimental design method on the bases of the reliability, the selectivity, and the reproducibility of test responses for both annealed and sensitized steels. The TTS diagram of the AISI 316L stainless steel was established using this method. This diagram offers a quantitative assessment of the DOS and a possibility to appreciate the time-temperature equivalence of the IGC sensitization and desensitization. (3) The analytical method based on the chromium diffusion models. Using the IGC sensitization and desensitization criteria established by the microstructural method, numerical solving of the chromium diffusion equations leads to a calculated AISI 316L TTS diagram. Comparison of these three methods gives a clear advantage to the nondestructive DL-EPR test when it is used with its optimized operating conditions. This quantitative method is simple to perform; it is fast, reliable, economical, and presents the best ability to detect the lowest DOS to IGC. For these reasons, this method can be considered as a serious candidate for IGC checking of stainless steel components of industrial plants.

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The electrochemical reactivation test (ERT) to detect the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion

et al. 2003

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Korrosionsuntersuchungen an chemisch beständigen Stählen mit Hilfe von stationären Reaktivierungsmessungen (Umschaltversuchen)

Cited by 3 publications

References 1 publication

Electrochemical Potentiodynamic Reactivation: Development and Applications of the EPR Test

Electrochemical Potentiodynamic Reactivation: Development and Applications of the EPR Test

Quantitative Evaluation of Aged AISI 316L Stainless Steel Sensitization to Intergranular Corrosion: Comparison Between Microstructural Electrochemical and Analytical Methods

The electrochemical reactivation test (ERT) to detect the susceptibility to intergranular corrosion

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