Kosovo's Public Health Damage from Abusive Use of Antibiotics in Dairy Cattle

Ibraimi, Zana; Shehi, Agim; Murtezani, Ardiana; Krasniqi, Shaip; Agani, Zana

doi:10.5455/msm.2015.27.149-153

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 9 publications

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“…The use of antibiotics in lactating animals is common for the treatment of mastitis, however, the period required to prevent residues of the drug in milk should be respected (44) . None of the samples tested were positive for β-lactam or tetracycline antibiotics.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Different results were found by Souza et al (45) , in which 6.7% of 112 samples of raw milk from six cities in the state of Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil presented positive results for residues of several antimicrobials. The presence of antibiotics in milk not only causes damage to the industry of fermented dairy products, but also is dangerous to consumer health, due to the selection of resistant bacterial strains, Conformity of refrigerated raw milk from family production units of southern Espírito Santo hypersensitivity and possible anaphylactic shock in allergic persons (44) .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conformity of Refrigerated Raw Milk From Family Production Units of Southern Espírito Santo

et al. 2018

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Dairy farming is an important activity in Brazil and Espírito Santo state, with small properties accounting for 80% of production. Despite of this economic importance, data about quality of the milk produced and the hygienic-sanitary conditions are still scarce. Then, the objective of this study was to evaluate the characteristics of refrigerated raw milk produced in family production units in southern Espírito Santo to verify compliance with Brazilian legal standards. Three collections were carried out in 29 community expansion tanks, for a total of 87 samples of refrigerated raw milk. Analysis of standard plate count (SPC), psychrotrophic bacteria count (PBC), somatic cell count (SCC), titratable acidity, density, fat, total dry extract (TDE), non-fat dry extract (NFDE), residues of antibiotics (β-lactam and tetracycline), cadmium and lead levels were performed. Of the 87 samples, 66% presented non-standard values for SPC, and 38% had non-standard values for SCC. Eighty five percent of the samples presented non-standard results for NFDE, 10.3% for density and 2.3% for titratable acidity. All samples complied with the legislation regarding residues of antibiotics, Cd and Pb levels. These results indicated failures in the raw milk obtainment and storage chain from family production units of southern Espírito Santo, Brazil.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Conformity of Refrigerated Raw Milk From Family Production Units of Southern Espírito Santo

et al. 2018

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“…Endometritis is the inflammation of the endometrial layer of the uterine wall and has severely slowed the improvement of the dairy industry [ 6 ]. However, the antibiotics used in therapeutic measures are effective but lead to resistance in bacteria and food safety problems.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Presently, antibiotics have been used to treat uterine bacterial diseases. Misuse of excessive antibiotics in the dairy industry may lead to antibiotic resistance, and antimicrobial residues in milk and meat that cause serious food safety issues globally [ 6 ]. Therefore, novel preventive and therapeutic strategies for treating endometritis in the dairy industry are urgently needed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Icariin Alleviates Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Endometritis in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

Shaukat

Shaukat²,

Rajput

et al. 2022

IJMS

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Icariin (ICA) is a naturally occurring phytochemical agent primarily extracted from Epimedium Brevicornum Maxim (Family Berberidaceae) with a broad spectrum of bioactivities. Endometritis is a uterine disease that causes enormous losses in the dairy industry worldwide. In this study, anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant properties of ICA were investigated against lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced endometritis in mice to investigate possible underlying molecular mechanisms. Sixty heathy female Kunming mice were randomly assigned to four groups (n = 15), namely control, LPS, LPS + ICA, and ICA groups. The endometritis was induced by intrauterine infusion of 50 µL of LPS (1 mg/mL). After 24 h of onset of LPS-induced endometritis, ICA groups were injected thrice by ICA intraperitoneally six hours apart. Histopathological examination, enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), real time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR), western blotting, and immunohistochemistry were used in this study. Histological alterations revealed that ICA markedly mitigated uterine tissue injury caused by LPS. The results showed that the ICA inhibited the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines (IL-1ß, IL-6, and TNF-α) and boosted the production of anti-inflammatory cytokines (IL-10). Additionally, ICA modulated the expression of malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase 1 (Gpx1) induced by LPS. The administration of ICA significantly (p < 0.05) improved the mRNA and protein expression of Toll-like receptor (TLR) 4. The western blotting and ELISA finding revealed that the ICA repressed LPS-triggered NF-κB pathway activation. Moreover, ICA improved the antioxidant defense system via activation of the Nrf2 pathway. The results revealed that ICA up-regulated the mRNA and protein expression of Nuclear erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2), NAD(P)H: quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO1), heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), and glutamate-cysteine ligase catalytic subunit (GCLC) under LPS exposure. Conclusively, our findings strongly suggested that ICA protects endometritis caused by LPS by suppressing TLR4-associated NF-κB and Nrf2 pathways. Altogether, these innovative findings may pave the way for future studies into the therapeutic application of ICA to protect humans and animals against endometritis.

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“…Therefore, it is imperative that newer alternative therapeutics are developed to combat uterine disease. Recently, several herbal therapeutics were described for treating mastitis [ 8 ] and endometritis [ 9 , 10 ]. These have complimented other therapeutic strategies using local or systemic antibiotics, hormones (particularly prostaglandins), or homeopathic remedies [ 3 , 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In Vivo Efficacy of Echinops spinosus Decoction as a Therapeutic for Cows at Risk of Clinical Endometritis

Boudelal

Adnane

Niar

et al. 2022

Animals

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Clinical endometritis (CE) is a multifactorial disease of dairy animals. Retained fetal membranes (RFM) and metritis are the major risk factors of CE in dairy cows. Because uterine inflammation affects the profitability of the dairy industry, antibiotics and hormonal therapies are commonly used to mitigate against the disease. However, the One-Health concept aims to reduce antibiotic use in food animals to avoid the emergence of drug resistance or residues in milk or meat. Thus, phytotherapy may represent a good alternative to antibiotics in food animals. Echinops spinosus (E. spinosus) is a natural plant known to have therapeutic, anti-inflammatory, antimicrobial, and wound-healing properties in vitro. The aim of the present study was to investigate the efficacy of E. spinosus as a preventive strategy for CE in dairy cows with other postpartum complications. Holstein–Friesian cows (n = 36) diagnosed with RFM or metritis enrolled in the study were allocated into three groups. One group received antibiotic treatment. Another group received prostaglandin injection (PG). The experimental group received E. spinosus decoction orally. As a control group, eutocic cows (n = 36), without RFM and metritis were included in the study. The efficiency of the treatment was based on the occurrence of CE and improved reproductive outcomes. At 30 ± 2 DPP, CE was diagnosed in 25%, 58.34%, and 75% in antibiotic, PG, and E. spinosus groups, respectively (p < 0.05). There were no differences between the groups at 55 ± 5 DPP (16.67%, 33.44%, and 41.67% in antibiotic, PG and E. spinosus groups, respectively, p > 0.05). The E. spinosus group had the longest open days, lowest conception rate at 150 DPP, and highest number of services per conception. Oral E. spinosus extract is ineffective as a therapeutic for cows at risk of CE. These findings may pave the way for future innovative strategies employing E. spinosus to protect cattle against endometritis.

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Kosovo's Public Health Damage from Abusive Use of Antibiotics in Dairy Cattle

Cited by 6 publications

References 9 publications

Conformity of Refrigerated Raw Milk From Family Production Units of Southern Espírito Santo

Conformity of Refrigerated Raw Milk From Family Production Units of Southern Espírito Santo

Icariin Alleviates Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide-Mediated Endometritis in Mice by Inhibiting Inflammation and Oxidative Stress

In Vivo Efficacy of Echinops spinosus Decoction as a Therapeutic for Cows at Risk of Clinical Endometritis

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