Kriminalpolitik und Privatisierung öffentlicher Räume

The Adaptative Nature of Neoliberalism at the Local Scale: Fifteen Years of City Improvement Districts in Cape Town and Johannesburg

“…BIDs are often described as part of the debates on the reconfiguration of urban governance, in North America and Europe. The literature calls on various theoretical perspectives, ranging from “new regionalism” (Wolf 2006) and the network governance theory (Morçöl and Zimmermann 2006), to political economy (Eick 2008; Ward 2006), governmentality and surveillance studies (Lippert 2009; Marquardt and Füller 2008). Many of these analyses are rooted in the debate on “neoliberal urbanisation”, where BIDs appear emblematic of the multi‐faceted process of national and local institutional change, as generated by the adoption of neoliberal principles and practices at the urban scale, such as PPPs, new public management and entrepreneurialism (Brenner and Theodore 2002b; Harvey 1989; Peck and Tickell 2002).…”

The co-production of purified space: hybrid policing in German Business Improvement Districts

“…In the German context, researchers claim that BIDs can be understood as a result of and reaction to inner-city decay, emerging suburbs and the transformation of the retail industry owing to so-called ‘malling’ (Kreutz, 2009; Nicklaus, 2009) but are also meant to address ‘demographic change, economic restructuring, and challenges of integrating immigrant groups’, according to the federal government (Brenner, 2010: 220). Indeed, many inner cities are in decline, urban sprawl is a widespread phenomenon in, at least, west Germany (whereas the cities in the eastern part of Germany are dramatically shrinking) and shopping malls have become the main ‘product’ of the retail industry on the city outskirts since the 1980s; only today are they beginning to invade the inner cities (Eick, 2008).…”

“…The municipally-controlled street system that once acted as an effective monopoly of the public realm in many cities today is being paralleled by the growth of a set of privatized street spaces – including but not limited to shopping malls, privatized railway stations and privatized streets and squares, as well as BIDs. The abandonment of the principle of free, open and democratic access to public space (on the hollowness of such claims, see Eick and Briken, 2011) in favour of a policy of actively excluding (and/or incarcerating) those deemed not to belong is key to the logic of these spaces (Belina, 2007; Eick, 2008).…”