Krisis Global Pangan-Energi-Finansial: Dampak dan Respon Kebijakan Ketahanan Pangan dan Pengentasan Kemiskinan

Abstract

The policy effectiveness of food security enhancement and poverty alleviation will be determined by better understanding and adaptation of the global impact and policy response of food-fuel-financial (Triple F) crisis at national level. The analysis is based on the global impact and response of the respective crisis at regional level especially in developing countries, with the ultimate objective to strengthen food security and accelerate poverty alleviation in Indonesia The main output of the study are (a) Triple F crisis generate negative impact on global agricultural investment, food production, and food price stability; (b) At macro level in Indonesia, there is no impact of crisis on the production, availability, and consumption of main staple food, (c) Based on the decreasing rate of poverty of 2.20 percent per year , the poverty rate in 2015 estimated at 12.3 percent, a figure that far above the target of MDG 2015 of 7.2 percent; (d) Implicitly, the respective crisis generate negative impact on the availability and access to food for the household, indicated by the existence of food insecurity and decreasing rate and achievement of poverty alleviation as a target in 2 015. Future policy direction of national agricultural development should be directed to smallholder agricultural development with a perspective of growth and equity, by considering three policy options: (a) The enhancement of macro economic stability and the increasing of budget allocated to agricultural and rural infrastructure development; (b) Demand driven agricultural development, complemented with the improvement of marketing system and marketing efficiency; (c) The development of institutional innovation and incentive system to support the availability and access input factors and services for the benefit of small scale farmers. Key words: food-fuel-financial crisis, food security, poverty ABSTRAKEfektivitas kebijakan pemantapan ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan ditentukan oleh pemahaman dan adaptasi dampak dan kebijakan global krisis pangan-energi-finansial (PEF). Analisis didasarkan atas dampak global krisis PEF dan respons kebijakan regional, khususnya di negara berkembang dengan sasaran pemantapan perumusan kebijakan ketahanan pangan dan pengentasan kemiskinan. Temuan pokok kajian adalah (a) Krisis PEF berdampak terhadap

Program Kemitraan dalam Sistem Pertanian Terpadu

“…Namun demikian, dukungan pemerintah dan pemangku kepentingan lainnya harus tersedia dalam berbagai bentuk dan difokuskan pada upaya pengembangan sistem pertanian-energi di atas. Rusastra et al (2010) dalam kajiannya untuk merespons krisis energi menekankan bahwa efektivitas kebijakan ketahanan pangan ditentukan oleh pemahaman dan adaptasi dampak dan kebijakan global krisis panganenergi-finansial. Kajian ini juga menyimpulkan bahwa antisipasi kebijakan global untuk merespons krisis pangan-energi-finansial adalah dengan mengembangan pertanian skala kecil dalam perspektif pertumbuhan dan pemerataan.…”

Perspektif Global Penelitian untuk Pembangunan: Antisipasi Lingkungan Strategis dan Agenda R&D Pertanian

“…Krisis pangan diawali oleh krisis energi yang memicu kelangkaan pangan dan kenaikan harga pangan. Krisis finansial yang diikuti dengan penurunan pertumbuhan ekonomi global telah memunculkan fenomena baru yaitu krisis harga pangan (Rusastra et al, 2010). Krisis pangan dan finansial secara simultan berdampak terhadap ketahanan pangan, ketahanan politik, dan stabilitas ekonomi kawasan dan global (von Braunn, 2008).…”

“…Harga ekspor biji-bijian meningkat 130 persen untuk gandum, 98 persen untuk beras, dan 38 persen untuk jagung. Kenaikan harga komoditas di pasar global ini merefleksikan derajat krisis pangan global (Rusastra et al, 2010;ADB, 2008). Krisis finansial berdampak terhadap ketersediaan dana investasi untuk pembangunan infrastruktur dan pengembangan pertanian di negara berkembang dengan konskwensi penurunan pendapatan petani dan keberlanjutan usahatani.…”

Decreasing Rice Supply as the Impact Of The Government’s Policy on Rice Grain Purchasing Price

“…Availability of food stuffs in Indonesia, including rice, is determined by the domestic production capacity as well as the domestic and global trade policies. According to Rusastra, Saliem, and Ashari (2010), the policies consist of the policies in food stuff production, supply, exports and imports, and some others. The rice sector is also the largest labor-absorbing sector because it includes the processes of production, processing, and trading as well as the supporting sectors, such as transportation (Saifullah, 2009).…”