“…These problems might have resulted from global and national fluctuations. Together with globalization, the crises not only affect where they prevail, but they may also affect the entire world as well, and this would harm tourism, which is a global industry ( (Yetgin and Benligiray, 2019;Kaya, Akgün and Çiftçi, 2020). The Turkish tourism industry has been going through more challenging times with the Syrian refugee crisis, terrorism, the November 24, 2015 crisis with Russia, and the attempted July 15, 2016.…”