L'accès aux médicaments : un défi pour l'industrie pharmaceutique

Gateaux, Valerie; Heitz, Jean-Michel

doi:10.3917/hume.286.0013

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In SSA, few countries have private drug manufacturers (they are mainly tertiary manufacturers), like Bupo Animal Health (formerly Bedson) in South Africa, Cooper-K in Kenya, or the capacity to even partly supply neighboring countries. The industry possesses a de facto monopoly over the practical knowledge and technological structures necessary to convert medical discoveries coming from basic research into therapeutic products (Gateaux and Jean-Michel 2008). Public veterinary structures, depending on the ministry of agriculture, also manufacture a reduced number of easy-to-produce generic medicines to support veterinary public health activities, such as vaccination campaigns or parasite control (e.g.…”

Section: A Market Dependent On Imports and Highly Fragmentedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Veterinary Medicines in sub-Saharan Africa

Jaime¹,

Hobeika²,

Figuié³

2020

Preprint

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The significant increase in antibiotics resistance (AMR) has become a major issue over the last decade. Current international focus falls largely on reducing the excessive use and misuse of antibiotics in animal farming. The drivers of this consumption are generally studied through farmers' behavior and veterinary-farmers interactions. However, drug use also results from structural factors that determine the functioning of the drugs market chain and farmers' access to drugs. This article presents an overview of the limits to access to veterinary drugs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), as well as the international policy tools and setups that claim to improve it. We analyze the scientific and grey literature, the publicly available data of the veterinary pharmaceutical industry and international organizations in order to gather information on the veterinary drugs markets in SSA, and on the norms, recommendations, guidelines and initiatives at international level that impact the functioning of the markets chains in SSA. We highlight numerous roadblocks to access to veterinary medicines in SSA. The African market is highly dependent on imports. It suffers from a high level of fragmentation, weak distribution infrastructures and services and is driven by the multiplication of private non- professional actors playing a growing role in the veterinary drug chains. The distribution system is increasingly dualized, with on the one hand the public sector (supported by development organizations) supplying small scale farmers in rural areas, but with limited and irregular means; and on the other side a private sector largely unregulated which supplies commercial and industrial farming systems. Different innovations have been developed at the international level to lower these barriers, such as homogenization of national legislations, donations and vaccine banks. Along decades-old inter-state cooperation, many new forms of Public-Private partnerships and hybrid forums are emerging, signaling a growing power of the private sector in the global governance. In sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), access to veterinary drugs is far from a given and remains an issue for many farmers. Drugs access is highly heterogeneous, little regulated and the market chains are increasingly segmented. The duality of the structure of the market chains has significant implications for the strategies aiming at controlling AMR at global level. Many of them emphasize the need to reduce the use of antibiotics at farm levels, without embracing this duality within countries. These strategies need to take to take into account the diversity of the conditions of access and use of drugs. Policies aimed at regulating the risks associated with the use of some drugs, especially antimicrobials, should not only focus on end users, farmers and veterinarians, but also encompass the actors that influence the flow of these compounds.

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Section: A Market Dependent On Imports and Highly Fragmentedmentioning

confidence: 99%

Access to Veterinary Medicines in sub-Saharan Africa

Jaime¹,

Hobeika²,

Figuié³

2020

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Il apparaît que ces entreprises sont des entreprises engagées, 56 % des actions sont intégrées et 23 % sont au service des populations pauvres au travers des programmes BOP. Ces premiers résultats corroborent les études évaluant l'industrie pharmaceutique comme un leader en matière de durabilité industrielle (Gateaux et Heitz, 2008;PricewaterhouseCoopers 2013;Sarkis et al . 2010).…”

Section: Sur Quelles éTapes De La Chaîne De La Valeur Les Entreprises Pharmaceutiques S'engagent-elles ? Pour Répondre à Quels Défis ?unclassified

“…Si l'accès aux soins pour tous est avant tout un droit fondamental et de justice sociale, sous la responsabilité des États (Jamison, Frenk et Knaul, 1998in Mills, 2002, contribuer à relever ce défi aux côtés des autorités et de l'ensemble des parties prenantes impliquées, est une responsabilité sociétale que les laboratoires pharmaceutiques semblent vouloir tout particulièrement assumer (27 % des projets étudiés). En effet, au-delà de l'enjeu éthique que porte ce défi, ces entreprises sont les seules à détenir les savoir-faire techniques et industriels pour découvrir, fabriquer et distribuer (46 % des actions collectées sur ces étapes) les innovations médicales aux patients qui en ont besoin (Gateaux et Heitz, 2008). En cela, les stratégies RSE sont impulsées par les maisons mères, « En tant qu'entreprise mondiale, Lilly gouverne sa responsabilité sociale par le biais de son leadership mondial » (Lilly, 2013, p.6).…”

Section: Comment Qualifier Le Profil Responsable Des DIX Plus Grandes Firmes Pharmaceutiques Mondiales ?unclassified

Un framework pour un diagnostic des pratiques RSE dans un secteur d’activité. Cas de 10 entreprises pharmaceutiques mondiales

Gimenes

Payaud

2019

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Cet article propose un framework d’aide au diagnostic des pratiques RSE d’entreprises d’un même secteur d’activité. Le cadre théorique place la RSE comme un ordre négocié et la chaîne de valeur comme levier d’intégration volontaire d’actions RSE dans le coeur de métier des entreprises. Le framework, basé sur une extension de la taxonomie des stratégies RSE de Martinet et Payaud (2008), permet de repérer les logiques coopératives empruntées par des entreprises pour répondre à des enjeux de biens communs. Il informe des responsabilités que ces entreprises souhaitent particulièrement assumer envers la société et offre des enseignements sur leur profil responsable.

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Value Chain and CSR of Global Pharmaceutical Companies: A Framework to Define Practices

Gimenes

Payaud

2016

Palgrave Studies in Governance, Leadership and Responsibility

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L'accès aux médicaments : un défi pour l'industrie pharmaceutique

Cited by 5 publications

References 0 publications

Access to Veterinary Medicines in sub-Saharan Africa

Access to Veterinary Medicines in sub-Saharan Africa

Un framework pour un diagnostic des pratiques RSE dans un secteur d’activité. Cas de 10 entreprises pharmaceutiques mondiales

Value Chain and CSR of Global Pharmaceutical Companies: A Framework to Define Practices

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