L’Asie du Sud-Est, un terrain d’innovation par le numérique pour la mobilité ?

Abstract

L’Asie du Sud-Est connaît une croissance urbaine et économique rapide, accompagnée d’une transformation en profondeur des systèmes de mobilité urbains. Elle est également le théâtre d’une diffusion rapide du smartphone et d’applications mobiles susceptibles de transformer les services de mobilité et, à terme, de déplacer les équilibres entre ces services. À partir d’une revue de littérature extensive et d’entretiens sur le terrain, cet article explore le rôle des applications mobiles dans la transformation des services de taxi dans deux villes d’Asie du Sud-Est : Kuala Lumpur, Malaisie, et Ho Chi Minh Ville, Vietnam. L’analyse montre notamment que les applications mobiles de réservation de taxi contribuent à augmenter les revenus des chauffeurs et à améliorer la qualité du service perçue par l’usager. Elle montre également que ces applications mobiles questionnent le rôle des pouvoirs publics en matière de planification, de régulation et de contrôle du secteur.

Impacts and Challenges for Developing Countries

“…Ride-hailing apps are thus envisaged as alternatives to quality requirements in the licensing process, with significant leverage to improve the service through citizen participation (driver rating, etc.) (Eskenazi and Boutueil, 2016). Similar initiatives have been developed in other parts of the world, e.g.…”

“…Research on similar initiatives originating in developing countries has so far been very limited. Nonetheless, Go-Jek was a pioneer in goods transport crowd-sourcing in more ways than one: they launched Go-Food (instant food delivery) and Go-Mart (instant grocery deliveries) as early as 2015, then launched Go-Send (instant courier service), Go-Box (removals service) and Go-Med (prescription collection and delivery) in 2016, all integrated into the Go-Jek app and helping to diversify revenue streams for their motorcycle riders (Eskenazi and Boutueil, 2016). Go-Jek was also a pioneer in mobile services: they launched Go-Massage (massage service), Go-Clean (cleaning service) and Go-Glam (hair stylist and beauty care services) in 2015, then Go-Auto (car maintenance) in 2016.…”

“…employment model, wage structure, contractual relations, etc.) that smartphone-based mobility solutions will help promote (Boutueil and Lesteven, 2018);  the possible empowerment of drivers through smartphone use (Eskenazi and Boutueil, 2016;Duncombe, 2014).…”

“…Finally, on the demand side, additional strands of research that need to be pursued to assess the transformative effects of mobile technologies on citizens in general, and transit and paratransit users in particular, would include:  the effects on travel behavior of awareness of, better information on, and improved access to an extended range of mobility options (Zegras et al, 2015;Guillen et al, 2013);  the processes of user participation in the production of the service and the optimization of its performance (Eskenazi and Boutueil, 2016);  the contribution of smartphones to the of communities around particular services (Williams et al, 2015).…”

Trends in Competition among Digital Platforms for Shared Mobility: Insights from a Worldwide Census and Prospects for Research

“…As of 2019 there were 5.2 billion unique mobile phone subscribers in the world, meaning that 68% of the world's population used a mobile phone (10,11). Mobile ICTs have played a role in the restructuring of transport systems through the (re)emergence of shared mobility services better designed to meet the diversity of user needs (5,(12)(13)(14)(15). Over the past decade in the field of transport and mobility, the rapid diffusion of mobile ICTs has led to the development of new service features (e.g., real-time location or navigation aid using GPS), new mobility services (e.g., free-floating car-sharing), and new business models (e.g., multi-sided market platforms for user-operator matchmaking) (12,14,16).…”