L'informatique en France de la Seconde Guerre mondiale au Plan Calcul

Connecting Women

“…4 At the time, upper-class women consumed fashion magazines , but others had no regular publication at their disposal aside from the 'magazine pages' inserted into the daily paper. 5 Since its origins, written media had been principally aimed at men, who were more literate and were culturally viewed as the primary consumers of information. Marie-Claire 's editorial mission was stated in its title:…”

“…5 In fact, the relationship between telegraphy and gender was performed differently in various sections of the nineteenth-century Victorian society. 6 The female in the introductory story, for instance, is identifi ed as "a lady" enjoying the company of a "lieutenant."…”

“…4 Translations by the author. 5 Within these internal debates, we should mention those related with fi nancial aspects and the ones about the relationship between some stations and political organizations such as the MC (Movimiento Comunista) or the LCR (Liga Comunista Revolucionaria). them reopened during the beginning of 1990s, and others disappeared forever.…”

“…4 The general public in turn discovers this little-known history, which disrupts the historical canon that carved out a place for men while consigning women to oblivion. 5 The British series The Bletchley Circle depicted women in Bletchley Park during the Second World War who, though overshadowed by Alan Turing, made contributions to the counterintelligence operations of the British computer centre. 6 The same can be seen in the recent Imitation Game with Keira Knightley's portrayal of Joan Clarke , who serves as a foil in the romanticised story of Bletchley Park, but still draws attention to the historical fi gure's true role as a talented cryptanalyst.…”

A World Full of Computers: How Did That Happen?

“…So far, no serious attempts have been made by historians to look at the history of ICT globally; at best their work remains narrowly focused on specific applications, industries, devices, types of technology, and user groups. The most broadly conceived take a national perspective, as we saw recently by French historian Pierre MounierKuhn with his book on France [3]. Trans-national comparative studies are few, although recently one of Europe's leading historians of ICT, Denmark's own Lars Heide, published an excellent example [4].…”