l'ORIGINE Géographique De La Propolis

Phytochemical, Morphological, and Biological Investigations of Propolis from Central Chile

“…The presence of pollen grains is a valuable indi cator of the botanical origin of propolis and is fre quently used for its characterization (Ricciardelli d'Albore, 1979). We propose that the presence of leaf fragments can also be considered as an equally important marker since many plant species accumulate their plant exudates in external leaf glands.…”

“…In order to determine the plant origin of propo lis, the microscopic analysis of pollen grains, which are frequent contaminants in this material, are commonly used (Ricciardelli d'Albore, 1979). Since the surface structure of pollen grains is char acteristic for the originating plant species, the mi croscopic analysis of these structures is, therefore, of great systematic significance (Montenegro et al, , 1997Varela et al, 1991;Iturriaga et al, 1992).…”

Brazilian Propolis: physicochemical properties, plant origin and antibacterial activity on periodontopathogens

“…The biological activities of propolis include antibacterial (Grange and Darvey, 1990;Ikeno et al, 1991;Kujumgiev et al, 1993;Menezes et al, 1997), antifungal (Millet-Clerc et al, 1987Valdés et al, 1987), antiprotozoan (Scheller et al, 1977), antiviral (Amoros et al, 1992, antitumoural (Grumberger et al, 1988), immunomodulation (Dimov et al, 1992), antiinflammatory (Dobrowolski et al, 1991) and other therapeutic properties (Marcucci, 1995;Cheng and Wong, 1996). The chemical components of propolis vary according to the plant source which is related to the regional vegetation and to the season in which it is collected by the bees (Ghisalberti, 1979;Ricciardelli d'Albore, 1979;Vanhaelen and Vanhaelen-Fastré, 1979;König, 1985;Bankova et al, 1992;Marcucci, 1995;Cheng and Wong, 1996).Considering the demand for this natural resin in the past few years, it is important to establish parameters for quality control of the product. Although a number of reports dealing with this point have been published, very few have focused on propolis produced in Brazil (Bonvehi et al, 1994;Menezes et al, 1997;Woisky and Salatino, 1998).…”

Palynological analysis of food reserves found in a nest ofBombus atratus(Hym. Apidae)

“…The microscope observation of the food reserves revealed that Bombus atratus is a generalist, like most of the Bombus species studied (Free 1970, Liu et al 1975, Buchmannn 1983, Pouvreau 1984, Harder 1985, Ricciardelli 1986, 1988, 1990Bolchi Serini 1992) and exhibits a diverse harvesting range. The analyses also confirm that a few of the plants species visited by B. atratus provide both nectar and pollen at the same time (Table I), as has been mentioned by Liu et al (1975) and Buchmann (1983).…”

“…comes mainly from field surveys (Harder 1985, Ricciardelli 1986, 1988, 1990) and pollen analysis of corbicular loads. (Free 1970, Bolchi Serini 1992.…”