L233P mutation of the Tax protein strongly correlated with leukemogenicity of bovine leukemia virus

Inoue, Emi; Matsumura, K.; Soma, Norihiko; Hirasawa, Shintaro; Wakimoto, Mayuko; Arakaki, Yoshihiro; Yoshida, Takashi; Osawa, Yoshiaki; Okazaki, Katsunori

doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2013.09.026

Cited by 18 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…It has been demonstrated that it takes a long time for B-cell lymphoma to develop during the disease progression of BLV infection; thus, EBL generally occurs in adult cattle Ͼ3 to 5 years old (2,3). Previously, one report indicated that an early onset of EBL at Ͻ3 years of age was found in Japan, although the diagnosis of EBL was performed simply by detecting the env gene (26). Our results strongly support this finding, because a total of 20 juvenile calves were diagnosed as having cEBL (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The mechanism for an early onset of cEBL remains unclear, but there are several possible related factors, such as genomic viral mutation, host susceptibility, and infection during the fetal period. First, a mutation of the virus genome can affect the incubation period until tumor development, because in a previous study, the percentage of EBL cases associated with the L233-Tax protein was significantly higher than that associated with the P233-Tax in young cattle (26). Moreover, a mutation in an N-linked envelope glycosylation site (N230E) resulted in high provirus loads during experimental infection in sheep, which led to an accelerated pathogenesis and shortening of the incubation period (30).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A nationwide survey in Japan conducted from 2009 to 2011 indicated a high seroprevalence of BLV in both dairy and beef cattle (40.9% and 28.7%, respectively) (25). Moreover, in a few scientific papers and domestic reports, EBL onset in juvenile calves in the field has been recently reported in Japan (26), even though EBL occurs predominantly in adult cattle.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Identification of an Atypical Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Japan by Using a Novel Classification of Bovine Leukemia Based on Immunophenotypic Analysis

Nishimori

Konnai

Okagawa

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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Bovine leukemia is classified into two types: enzootic bovine leukosis (EBL) and sporadic bovine leukosis (SBL). EBL is caused by infection with bovine leukemia virus (BLV), which induces persistent lymphocytosis and B-cell lymphoma in cattle after a long latent period. Although it has been demonstrated that BLV-associated lymphoma occurs predominantly in adult cattle of >3 to 5 years, suspicious cases of EBL onset in juvenile cattle were recently reported in Japan. To investigate the current status of bovine leukemia in Japan, we performed immunophenotypic analysis of samples from 50 cattle that were clinically diagnosed as having bovine leukemia. We classified the samples into five groups on the basis of the analysis and found two different types of EBL: classic EBL (cEBL), which has the familiar phenotype commonly known as EBL, and polyclonal EBL (pEBL), which exhibited neoplastic proliferation of polyclonal B cells. Moreover, there were several atypical EBL cases even in cEBL, including an early onset of EBL in juvenile cattle. A comparison of the cell marker expressions among cEBL, pEBL, and B-cell-type SBL (B-SBL) revealed characteristic patterns in B-cell leukemia, and these patterns could be clearly differentiated from those of healthy phenotypes, whereas it was difficult to discriminate between cEBL, pEBL, and B-SBL only by the expression patterns of cell markers. This study identified novel characteristics of bovine leukemia that should contribute to a better understanding of the mechanism underlying tumor development in BLV infection.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Identification of an Atypical Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Japan by Using a Novel Classification of Bovine Leukemia Based on Immunophenotypic Analysis

Nishimori

Konnai

Okagawa

et al. 2017

Clin Vaccine Immunol

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“…However, the BLV genome sequences of strains from different geographic origins, especially the important sites on the regulation of viral replication of BLV, are relatively stable and highly conserved among BLV strains, assigned to different genotypes. By contrast, several groups recently reported that the expression or pathogenesis of BLV does not depend on strains, but rather, is related with the specific site of mutation in their BLV genome [ 153 , 154 ]. These results clearly demonstrate that BLV strain should be determined by full genome sequencing.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus

Polat

Takeshima

Aida

2017

Virol J

152

154

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Bovine leukemia virus (BLV), an oncogenic member of the Deltaretrovirus genus, is closely related to human T-cell leukemia virus (HTLV-I and II). BLV infects cattle worldwide and causes important economic losses. In this review, we provide a summary of available information about commonly used diagnostic approaches for the detection of BLV infection, including both serological and viral genome-based methods. We also outline genotyping methods used for the phylogenetic analysis of BLV, including PCR restriction length polymorphism and modern DNA sequencing-based methods. In addition, detailed epidemiological information on the prevalence of BLV in cattle worldwide is presented. Finally, we summarize the various BLV genotypes identified by the phylogenetic analyses of the whole genome and env gp51 sequences of BLV strains in different countries and discuss the distribution of BLV genotypes worldwide.

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“…Mutations in the Tax zinc finger destroys transactivation activity but maintained its transforming capacity in vitro [ 158 ]. BLV Tax L233P substitution in infected cattle is also recognized to prolong the incubation period for developing tumors [ 159 ].…”

Section: Transactivation: Activation Of Ltrs By Virus-encoded Protmentioning

confidence: 99%

Regulation of Expression and Latency in BLV and HTLV

Pluta

Jaworski

Douville

2020

Viruses

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Human T-lymphotrophic virus type 1 (HTLV-1) and Bovine leukemia virus (BLV) belong to the Deltaretrovirus genus. HTLV-1 is the etiologic agent of the highly aggressive and currently incurable cancer adult T-cell leukemia (ATL) and a neurological disease HTLV-1-associated myelopathy (HAM)/tropical spastic paraparesis (TSP). BLV causes neoplastic proliferation of B cells in cattle: enzootic bovine leucosis (EBL). Despite the severity of these conditions, infection by HTLV-1 and BLV appear in most cases clinically asymptomatic. These viruses can undergo latency in their hosts. The silencing of proviral gene expression and maintenance of latency are central for the establishment of persistent infection, as well as for pathogenesis in vivo. In this review, we will present the mechanisms that control proviral activation and retroviral latency in deltaretroviruses, in comparison with other exogenous retroviruses. The 5′ long terminal repeats (5′-LTRs) play a main role in controlling viral gene expression. While the regulation of transcription initiation is a major mechanism of silencing, we discuss topics that include (i) the epigenetic control of the provirus, (ii) the cis-elements present in the LTR, (iii) enhancers with cell-type specific regulatory functions, (iv) the role of virally-encoded transactivator proteins, (v) the role of repressors in transcription and silencing, (vi) the effect of hormonal signaling, (vii) implications of LTR variability on transcription and latency, and (viii) the regulatory role of non-coding RNAs. Finally, we discuss how a better understanding of these mechanisms may allow for the development of more effective treatments against Deltaretroviruses.

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L233P mutation of the Tax protein strongly correlated with leukemogenicity of bovine leukemia virus

Cited by 18 publications

References 34 publications

Identification of an Atypical Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Japan by Using a Novel Classification of Bovine Leukemia Based on Immunophenotypic Analysis

Identification of an Atypical Enzootic Bovine Leukosis in Japan by Using a Novel Classification of Bovine Leukemia Based on Immunophenotypic Analysis

Epidemiology and genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus

Regulation of Expression and Latency in BLV and HTLV

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