La apertura comercial de México

Durante los últimos años, el comercio internacional se ha convertido en un componente esencial mediante el cual, los países han logrado alcanzar un mayor nivel de crecimiento y desarrollo económico, a través del intercambio de bienes y servicios. En el caso de México, es una de las economías con mayor grado de apertura comercial, cuenta con Tratados de Libre Comercio (TLC), que le otorgan preferencias arancelarias y no arancelarias con cerca de 50 países. La relación comercial con Centroamérica comenzó entre los años 1982 y 1984, por medio de acuerdos bilaterales de alcance parcial y posteriormente TLC. De ahí que, la investigación tiene por objetivo evaluar la integración económica entre México y los países centroamericanos, durante el periodo de 1995 a 2020. Para ello, se estima un modelo de gravedad de datos de panel con datos agrupados, efectos fijos y efectos aleatorios, a partir de las variables flujos comerciales, tamaño de las economías y distancia. Los principales resultados revelan que, las variables independientes resultan estadísticamente significativas para explicar los flujos comerciales entre México y Centroamérica. Es decir, la teoría del modelo gravitacional del comercio internacional se adapta para explicar el comportamiento de los flujos comerciales de ambas regiones.

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México y Centroamérica: Un análisis de integración económica.

Macías

Fernández

López

2022

VinculaTégica

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Ecofungicides as growth stimulants in Lactuca sativa L.

Ponce-Lira¹,

Aguilar-Arteaga²,

López-Perea³

et al. 2022

JBEB

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Lactuca sativa commonly known as lettuce is a food that provides few calories due to its high water content and fewer carbohydrates, proteins and fats. The main problem with this crop is that during its cycle it is attacked by a range of fungi (Fusarium spp., Pythium sp., Alternaria alternata., among others) and bacteria (Erwinia sp, Burkholderia sp, among others); this leads to excess use of pesticides, economic losses and damage to the environment. Therefore, sustainable control strategies are sought to mitigate the spread of diseases and stimulate the optimal development of the plant. Ecofungicides were made based in: Ricinus communis “higuerilla”; Chamaemelum nobile “manzanilla” with Allium sativum “ajo”; Ruta graveolens “ruda”; as well as Bordeaux broth as a craft product and a synthetic product. The randomized complete block experimental design and the Tukey multiple means comparison (p≤0.05) showed tha in Ricinus communis based ecofungicide favors, on average, the height per plant (18.89 cm), the diameter per plant (36.29 cm); the number of leaves per plant (15.50 cm), the leaf width (19.85), the leaf length (17.76 cm) and therefore, a final weight of 1.43 kg per healthy plant was reported. It´s concluded that higuerilla treatment at a dose of 0.33 ml in 1 liter of water increases the productivity of Lactuca sativa L. and decreases the incidence of phytopathogenic fungi.

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La apertura comercial de México

Cited by 2 publications

References 93 publications

México y Centroamérica: Un análisis de integración económica.

México y Centroamérica: Un análisis de integración económica.

Ecofungicides as growth stimulants in Lactuca sativa L.

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