La creciente dependencia de mano de obra migrante para tareas agrícolas en el centro global. Una perspectiva comparada

Abstract

Numerosos estudios, sobre todo en las últimas décadas, han señalado el progresivo aumento del número de migrantes realizando trabajo agrícola en los Estados del centro global. Desde el paradigma de la ecología-mundo, se teorizó sobre el hecho de que este fenómeno mundial constituía una estrategia sistémica para mantener estables y bajos los precios de la comida, siendo la producción de ésta, un pilar que sustenta las fases de acumulación del capitalismo. Con el objetivo de contribuir a reforzar dicha teoría, este artículo pretende, a través de un estudio de casos comparados, dimensionar este fenómeno. Así, se dará cuenta a través de las estadísticas oficiales disponibles, de la magnitud del irreversible y estructural proceso de “migrantización” del trabajo agrícola ocurrido en las áreas centrales mundiales entre mediados del siglo pasado y principios de este.

On the Social Sustainability of Industrial Agriculture Dependent on Migrant Workers. Romanian Workers in Spain’s Seasonal Agriculture

“…Permanent Migration). 1 The first qualitative fieldwork was carried out in the Spanish provinces of Huelva and Lleida, during the 2015 campaigns. Researchers spent a month in each enclave carrying out participant observation and in-depth interviews in four localities of Huelva (Lepe, Moguer, Almonte and Palos de la Frontera) and six localities in Lleida (Soses, Alcarrás, Corbins, Térmes, Alcoletge and Torres de Segre).…”

“…Moreover, their return was subjected to remote scrutiny, involving the Spanish Consulate in Romania. Yet, all these elements are very common among new waves of TMPs around the world [1]. What was different in the case of Romanians was that what Spanish TMPs offered -as a precursory phase of another trajectory of (irregular) migration -was already easily achievable for Romanians: starting in 2002, the same year the bilateral agreement was enacted, Schengen countries withdrew remote control on Romanian mobility through visas, meaning that the first important barrier (entering the destination country) was no longer an issue (as Spain was already a Schengen Area member at that time).…”

“…In the next sections we will analyse if this model, which is key for sustaining the largest agro-industrial complex of the EU, [1] is socially sustainable. This is not a minor debate because the 2030 agenda of the United Nations, endorsed by the EU, situates sustainable development as a core objective for the next decade.…”

On the Social Sustainability of Industrial Agriculture Dependent on Migrant Workers. Romanian Workers in Spain’s Seasonal Agriculture

“…Moreover, their return was subjected to remote scrutiny, involving the Spanish Consulate in Romania. However, all these elements are very common among new waves of TMPs around the world [1]. What was different in the case of Romanians was that what Spanish TMPs offered-as a precursory phase of another trajectory of (irregular) migration-was already easily achievable for Romanians: starting in 2002, the same year the bilateral agreement was enacted, Schengen countries withdrew remote control on Romanian mobility through visas, meaning that the first important barrier (entering the destination country) was no longer an issue (as Spain was already a Schengen Area member at that time) [15].…”

“…From the middle of the last century, and especially, since the 1990s, the volume of migrant agricultural workers in developed countries has been steadily growing [1]. Economic, social, and demographic factors have influenced this trend.…”