La démographie des villes du comté de Flandre aux XIIIe et XVe siècles. Etat de la question. Essai d'interprétation

Prevenier, Walter

doi:10.3406/rnord.1983.3927

Cited by 17 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…1b). During Medieval periods, these lowlands experienced a considerable population growth, making the County one of the most densely populated areas in Europe between the 11 th and the 15 th centuries5. To meet the demands of emerging cities, such as Ghent, Bruges and Ypres6, entire natural landscapes were reclaimed, transforming these into a landscape of dynamic exploitation7.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3-D reconstruction of medieval wetland reclamation through electromagnetic induction survey

Smedt

Meirvenne

Herremans

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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Studies of past human-landscape interactions rely upon the integration of archaeological, biological and geological information within their geographical context. However, detecting the often ephemeral traces of human activities at a landscape scale remains difficult with conventional archaeological field survey. Geophysical methods offer a solution by bridging the gap between point finds and the surrounding landscape, but these surveys often solely target archaeological features. Here we show how simultaneous mapping of multiple physical soil properties with a high resolution multi-receiver electromagnetic induction (EMI) survey permits a reconstruction of the three-dimensional layout and pedological setting of a medieval reclaimed landscape in Flanders (Belgium). Combined with limited and directed excavations, the results offer a unique insight into the way such marginal landscapes were reclaimed and occupied during the Middle Ages. This approach provides a robust foundation for unravelling complex historical landscapes and will enhance our understanding of past human-landscape interactions.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

The 3-D reconstruction of medieval wetland reclamation through electromagnetic induction survey

Smedt

Meirvenne

Herremans

et al. 2013

Sci Rep

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“…9 Few cities in Europe north of the Alps were as populous as Ghent, with 45,000 to 50,000 inhabitants, and Bruges, with 40,000 to 45,000. 10 Both cities were quasi-autonomous political units within the county of Flanders and dominated the surrounding countryside. The fifteenth century was, however, characterized by a gradual expansion of the power of the count of Flanders.…”

Section: Municipal Provision Of Public Services In Late Medieval Ghenmentioning

confidence: 99%

A targeted public: public services in fifteenth-century Ghent and Bruges

Haemers

Ryckbosch

2010

Urban History

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Though the phrase 'public services' is a nineteenth-century invention, which was supported by a developed rhetoric of political economy, this article shows that the concept, practice and supply of such services could also be found in the medieval city. It specifically analyses three areas of urban service provision: jurisprudence and legal security, infrastructure and finally health care and poor relief. Although the available sources tend to stress the involvement of municipal authorities in providing public services, it turns out that in fact the furnishing of services was highly multi-layered. In all three areas studied, a wide range of public and private institutions offered services to specific groups within late medieval urban society. In contrast to what the notion of 'public services' lets us presume, however, public services in the medieval city were not available to all inhabitants. Instead, the provision of services was usually quite restrictive, and targeted particular groups in society.The allocation of public services in late medieval towns was as multilayered as urban society itself. Because not only the urban government, but also the court, the church and voluntary associations of citizens could organize public services in the medieval cities, both the provision of public services and people's eligibility to use those services were highly fragmented and multi-layered in the medieval city. Several institutions provided comparable services within the same geographical area. For example, a survey of welfare provision (one of the hallmarks of the city as Caroline Barron has called it) in late medieval London shows that this relief was secured by a series of measures, of which some were provided by the city corporately, some by religious houses, some by fraternities and

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“…In the cases where they acquired a share in the city's government, such as in Flanders after 1302, the relations between the members shifted from mutual trust and charitable support vis-à-vis common enemies towards the sheer defense of material interests. Some of the largest corporations in the textile sector counted several thousands members, which is a size to which the concept of trust network can no longer be applied (Prevenier 1983). Entrepreneurial patterns based on putting-out and subcontracting undermined the alleged equality and brotherhood among the guild members.…”

Section: Craft Guildsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inclusiveness and exclusion: trust networks at the origins of European cities

Blockmans

2010

Theor Soc

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In Western Europe, cities grew fast between 1000 and 1300. This article looks at how the migrants moving to these emerging cities melded into communities and defended their collective rights in violent and hostile environments. It discusses a number of trust networks that were developed to meet the successive collective needs of particular social layers in rapidly changing urban societies. When a trust network became well-established and too large to allow face-to-face relations among all its members, institutions were created that operated under different rules.In his last manuscript, Charles Tilly developed the concept of trust networks as organizations mediating in the long-term transformation from urban to state domination in world history. Trust networks can be defined as specific patterns of human relationships in which shared interests, values and norms facilitate communication and collaboration and thus reduce transaction costs. Trust networks are based on commitment, coordination, and recognition which often, but not always, are mutual. Membership of a trust network entails a "relation in which at least one party places a valued enterprise at risk in the hands of the other.… Prudent members of trust networks have generally tried to insulate them from predation or incorporation by cities and states (Tilly 2010)." In this article, I show how trust networks emerged and became established in the cities of Europe between about 1000 and 1600 CE. In my view, community building in the first stage of urban growth rested essentially on personal ties, formalized by oaths of loyalty. These were at the origin of the sense of belonging expressed in the first communes, the groupings that fought for their independence vis-à-vis the established feudal and ecclesiastical powers. As the European cities grew, these networks needed to organize themselves as public institutions, which allegedly changed their character Theor Soc (2010) 39:315-326

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La démographie des villes du comté de Flandre aux XIIIe et XVe siècles. Etat de la question. Essai d'interprétation

Cited by 17 publications

References 3 publications

The 3-D reconstruction of medieval wetland reclamation through electromagnetic induction survey

The 3-D reconstruction of medieval wetland reclamation through electromagnetic induction survey

A targeted public: public services in fifteenth-century Ghent and Bruges

Inclusiveness and exclusion: trust networks at the origins of European cities

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