La experiencia del cultivo comercial de camarones marinos en estanques de producción en Costa Rica

Abstract

El cultivo de camarones marinos en estanques de producción en Costa Rica ha estado restringido a una pequeña fracción del territorio (1 000 ha), siendo el sector del Pacífico Norte, a ambas márgenes del Golfo de Nicoya, uno de los más productivos. En los últimos 2 años se ha logrado implementar en estas fincas un Plan de Manejo, que ha permitido obtener de manera continua y predecible niveles adecuados de producción convencional de camarón. El presente estudio describe los resultados de un Plan de Manejo utilizando densidades de siembra de 10 camarones/m2 en tres ciclos cortos (90-120 días) y 15 camarones/m2 en un ciclo largo (180 días), durante los años 2011 y 2012, en 11 estanques de fincas ubicadas en Colorado de Abangares, Guanacaste. La sobrevivencia fue mejor en los ciclos del 2011 (75% y 80%) con respecto a los del 2012 (58% y 51%) y el peso promedio final fue inferior en los ciclos cortos (11-14 g) en relación con el peso promedio ponderado, tomando en cuenta las raleas, en el ciclo largo (cerca de 20 g). Debido a que no hubo compensación en el crecimiento y la biomasa en el último ciclo con la sobrevivencia más baja, la productividad decayó a 600 kg/ha después de haberse venido dando incrementos considerables (de 1 118 a 1 263 y 1 730 kg/ha) en los tres ciclos anteriores. Se discuten posibles factores causantes de la baja productividad en este ciclo realizado a finales del 2011 e inicios del 2012.AbstractThe culture of marine shrimp in earthen ponds in Costa Rica has been restricted to a small portion of theterritory (1 000 ha), being the North Pacific region, at both margins of the Gulf of Nicoya, one of the mostproductive areas. During 2011-2012 these farms implemented a Management Plan that has allowed forcontinuously and predictably obtaining adequate levels of conventional shrimp production. The presentstudy describes the results obtained with the Management Plan used at stocking densities of 10 shrimp/m2in three short cycles (90-120 days) and 15 shrimp/m2 in one long cycle (180 days) during 2011 and 2012in 11 ponds located in Colorado de Abangares, Guanacaste. Survival was better in the 2011 cycles (75%and 80%) as compared to the 2012 cycles (58% and 51%); the final average weight was lower for the shortcycles (11-14 g) in relation to the long cycle (approximately 20 g). Because there was no compensationon growth and biomass in the last cycle with the lowest survival, productivity decreased to 600 kg/ha afterhaving obtained remarkable increments (from 1 118 to 1 263 and 1 730 kg/ha) in the three previous cycles.The possible factors causing low productivity in this cycle at the end and at the beginning of the year arediscussed in this paper.

Effects of androgenic gland ablation on growth, sexual characters and spermatogenesis of the white shrimp,Litopenaeus vannamei(Decapoda: Penaeidae) males

“…Our findings are complementary to previous reports by evaluating the growth of sexes in adults (˃30 g BW). The growth rate, in general, was better during the rainy season culture; the dry season is associated with low temperatures at night, reducing the growth of shrimp in commercial operations (Valverde‐Moya & Alfaro‐Montoya ). The final differences in weight, in the three experimental groups, were in the range of 5.0–8.6 g. A similar pattern was reported for P. monodon (Gopal, Gopikrishna, Krishna, Jahageerdar, Rye, Hayes, Paulpandi, Kiran, Pillai, Ravichandran, Ponniah & Kumar ); in this species the growth rate between sexes began to diverge in the range between 15 and 20 g BW.…”

Molecular detection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Penaeus vannamei shrimps in Costa Rica

“…The shrimp farms studied have large areas under cultivation, feed conversions greater than 1.2, and stocking densities greater than 100.000 post larvae.ha −1 , which, compared to the level of technical sophistication of the farms, could be causing low production and the emergence of diseases (Valverde and Alfaro, 2013). All farms analyzed showed differences in the management, however farms in the province of Guanacaste showed better management practices, mainly in volume of water, feed conversions and water replacement rates, possibly because the producers are better trained and have less extensive production systems.…”