Molecular detection of acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) in Penaeus vannamei shrimps in Costa Rica

Abstract

Acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) is a bacterial disease associated to severe mortality in farmed shrimps, and caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus containing plasmid pVA-1 encoding pirA and pirB toxins. This study investigates the presence of Vibrio spp. carrying plasmid pVA-1 in post larvae and juveniles Penaeus vannamei from farms located in Costa Rica. Moreover, a possible corelation between Vibrio spp. presence, management parameters, and water quality was also investigated. Between 2017 and 2018, post larvae, the first water pumped into ponds, and juvenile shrimp (6 to 7 weeks after stocking) were collected from 15 farms located in the Gulf of Nicoya and the country's Central Pacific region. On the day when the juvenile shrimp were collected, a survey was applied to farmers to obtain information about management conditions, finally physicalchemical parameters of pond water were measured. Plasmidic pVA-1 pirA and pirB genes were detected in hepatopancreas of juvenile shrimp in 5 (33.3%) farms, while Vibrio spp. were found in 6 (40.0%) farms. Sequencing of pVA-1, pirA and pirB genes showed 99-100% similarity to pathogenic Vibrio parahemolyticus XN89 homologous genes identified in Vietnamese shrimps. Statistically significant differences were found in the water volume (p < .03), rate of water replacement (p < .04), and farms disease history (p < .05). A correlation between presence of Vibrio spp. and water quality was not established. The molecular diagnosis of Vibrio spp., the plasmid and the genes encoding toxins that are associated with AHPND are reported for the first time in Costa Rica. Further studies aimed to isolate AHPND-causing Vibrio spp. from ponds, to generate histopathological data, and to establish economic losses due to AHPND mortalities in Penaeus vannamei farms, are needed to clarify the role and pathogenic features of Vibrio spp. in AHPND.

Effects of dietary sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum) oil on the performance, antioxidants and immunity welfare, and resistance of Indian shrimp (Penaeus indicus) againstVibrio parahaemolyticusinfection

“…The production of Indian shrimp, P. indicus , is sometimes hampered by a mass mortality due to vibriosis, which caused by the genus Vibrio . Among these pathogens, Vibrio parahaemolyticus is the main threatening bacterium, which causes acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease with high mortality and severe economic losses of several cultured shrimp species (Flegel, 2012; Peña‐Navarro et al, 2020; Sivaramasamy et al, 2016; Tinh et al, 2021). The use of such herbs materials/extracts as natural feed additives is promising sources of eco‐friendly therapeutics in enhancing the innate immunity and preventing disease outbreaks in aquatic organisms (Reverter et al, 2014; van Hai, 2015; Hoseinifar et al, 2016; Awad & Awaad, 2017; Hoseinifar, Dadar, et al, 2017; Hoseinifar, Zou, et al, 2017; Hoseinifar, Sohrabi, et al, 2019).…”

The Effectiveness of Extract from Ambon Banana Stem Musa cavendishii var. Dwarf paxton for Prevention of Vibrio parahaemolyticus Bacterial Infection in Vannamei Shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei

“…V. parahaemolyticus bacteria usually infect within 35 days after seed stocking (post-larvae) (Tran 2013;Flegel and Lo 2013). Infected shrimp may experience necrosis, lethargy, loss of appetite and empty guts, hepatopancreas atrophy, and mass mortality exceeding 70% in a short period (Tran et al 2013; Kongrueng et al 2014;Navarro et al 2020).…”

Effect of dietary complex Chinese herbal medicine on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities in tissues and expression of genes involved in the digestive enzymes and antioxidant enzymes and bacterial challenge in Litopenaeus vannamei

“…It has produced great economic and social benefits (Zhao et al, 2017). However, the diseases of prawn cannot be ignored, such as acute hepatopancreatic necrosis of prawn caused by Vibrio parahaemolyticus (VpAHPND), white spot syndrome virus (WSSV), infectious subcutaneous and haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHHNV), white stool disease, enterocystis hepatica (EHP), early death syndrome (EMS) and so on, and has become one of the main reasons for the mass death of L. vannamei in many areas, and has caused great economic losses to shrimp farming (Medina‐Beltrán et al, 2012; Pena‐Navarro et al, 2020; Piyachat et al, 2018; Thitamadee et al, 2016). Therefore, the development of green and high‐efficiency drugs has become a hot and difficult point in the disease control of L. vannamei .…”