La fábrica de doble hoja en Madrid, un siglo de cerramiento moderno

Abstract

The present paper describes the development and generalized use of the double or hollow wall system in masonry enclosures in Madrilenian residential architecture in the first two thirds of the twentieth century. The question is addressed, on the one hand, from the standpoint of comparative history, in which a clear awareness of evolutionary progress can be defined through certain recognizable architectural tendencies that arose during the technological revolution taking place in Europe and somewhat later in our country; in this regard, the

Las soluciones constructivas en la vivienda durante el franquismo: el caso de la vivienda ferroviaria

“…El intradós del forjado se conforma plano mediante la ejecución de revoltón de ladrillo sencillo y el extradós se nivela mediante el relleno de hormigón en los huecos que quedan entre la rasilla y la vigueta (Figura 10). Acerca de los cerramientos, se obvia toda la evolución técnica desarrollada en las décadas precedentes (23). Así, los proyectos analizados prescriben cerramientos de una hoja, constituidos por los muros de carga, sin observarse ningún tipo de cámara o de doblado interior que, si bien no es propia de este sistema estructural, lo cierto es que la reducción de espesor, el empleo de ladrillo y la presencia de puentes térmicos no garantizan el adecuado aislamiento térmico 3 .…”

Empleo de paneles compuestos por subproductos de centrales térmicas en fachadas trasdosadas

“…Zona B = espesor e = 0,035 m [4] A continuación se calcula su conductividad térmica de diseño, λ, a partir del valor declarado del producto λ' según la norma UNE-EN ISO 10456:2001 (34).…”

Airtightness performance of the building envelope of dwellings in Spain. Characterisation and energy impact of air infiltration

“…However, during the past century, façade systems evolved as a consequence of the industrialisation of metal structures and the introduction of reinforced concrete (Monjo Carrió, 2005). This development was gradual and, during the first years of the 20th century, the use of mixed solutions with an internal framework and massive load-bearing walls with one layer was still common in some cities (Ros García, 2005).…”

“…The State became the main housing developer , which favoured traditional constructive techniques. Quick, simple and repetitive solutions were employed (Ros García, 2005). A widespread façade solution during the 1940s was exposed brick of different thicknesses ranging from 11.5 to 36 cm (Kurtz et al, 2015).…”

“…The regulations applied to public housing construction had a decisive influence. From 1940 onwards, the hygrothermal behaviour of the enclosure was considered, establishing minimum quality requirements (Ros García, 2005). In large cities, the construction of low-cost housing in satellite neighbourhoods was frequently carried out with load-bearing walls perpendicular to the façade.…”