La falsification du vin en France, 1880-1905 : un cas de fraude		 agro-alimentaire

Stanziani, Alessandro

doi:10.3917/rhmc.502.0154

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…23 The ban on the watering down of wines was particularly harmful for "raisin wines" as the recipe required the addition of water to the raisins during the winemaking process in order to start the fermentation (Simpson, 2011, p. 61;Stanziani, 2003). This law was confirmed in 1907 (JORF, 1907a).…”

Section: the Méline Tariff Is "Credited With Ending France's Experimentioning

confidence: 54%

“…10 French "grape marc wines" (or "piquettes") were obtained from the addition of water (without added sugar nor alcohol) to the grape marcs (the solid remains of grapes after their first pressing) (Article 3, JORF, 1897 for 25% of French wine production in the second half of the 1880s (Bichet, 1934, p. 259;Heath, 2014, p. 95;Stanziani, 2003Stanziani, , 2004. During that period, French "raisin wines" accounted for between 1 and 2 million hectoliters-about 8% of total French wine production (see Figures 1 and 2 and Table 1).…”

Section: The Rise Of the Raisin Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

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Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Meloni

Swinnen

2017

SSRN Journal

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Section: the Méline Tariff Is "Credited With Ending France's Experimentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: The Rise Of the Raisin Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Meloni

Swinnen

2017

SSRN Journal

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“…9 "Raisin wines" were one of the "adulterations" allowed during the late nineteenth century. Taking into account "raisin wines" (wines produced from raisins), "sugar wines" (obtained either from the addition of sugar to the wine or from the addition of water and sugar to the grape marcs) and "grape marc wines" (or "piquettes" obtained from the addition of only water to the grape marcs), the percentage of "adulterated wines" increased to 25% of French wine production in the second half of the 1880s (Bichet, 1934;Heath, 2014;Stanziani, 2003Stanziani, , 2004.…”

Section: Tariff Regimes and Wine Tradementioning

confidence: 99%

The political economy of regulations and trade: Wine trade 1860–1970

Meloni

Swinnen

2018

World Economy

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Dramatic changes in the 1860–1970 wine trade provide insights on the political economy of regulations and policy instrument choice and trade. An invasion of Phylloxera in the 1870s turned France from the world's leading exporter to a massive importer of wine and grapes. When French production recovered a combination of tariffs, safety regulations and quality standards were introduced to protect its French producers, causing dramatic changes in global wine and grape production and trade, including in Spain, Italy, Turkey, Greece, Algeria, Tunisia and Morocco. Changes in wine regulations were caused by relative income and loss aversion factors in political economy. Tariffs were the preferred policy instruments as they directly restrict imports, bring in revenues, have low transaction costs and are preferred political instruments when there are information imperfections. Safety regulations and quality standards, including labelling and input prohibitions, reduce asymmetric information for consumers or undesirable externalities, and simultaneously protected domestic producers. Regulations were often targeted at imported products (wine and raisins) when tariffs were ineffective or constrained by institutions (such as on colonial wine). Hence, tariffs and quality regulations were jointly used in wine policy, both as complements and as substitutes in policy design.

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“…Some of the regulations were introduced to protect consumers, by attempting to guarantee food quality standards in an environment in which, naturally, they had less information than the producers. However the regulations also affected income distribution in the French market and limited competition (Stanziani 2003, 2005). Legal measures were introduced to control the quality of wine in 1889, 1891, 1894, 1895 and 1905, and in 1907 crop declarations (« déclarations de récolte ») were made compulsory in order to fight fraud in winemaking.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…54 Pech (1993: 24). 55 Stanziani (2003). 56 Gavignaud-Fontaine (1988). government; nevertheless, it was insufficient to resolve the overproduction crisis, and it is doubtful that fraud was the sole cause of the situation.…”

Section: Confédération Générale Des Producteurs De Fruits Et Légumes mentioning

confidence: 99%

STATE INTERVENTION IN WINE MARKETS IN THE EARLY 20^THCENTURY: WHY WAS IT SO DIFFERENT IN FRANCE AND SPAIN?

Planas

2016

RHE / JILAEH

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In the early twentieth century, governments not only used trade policy to protect domestic agricultural markets, but they also introduced regulations affecting quality, quantity and prices. In this article I assess the differences in the state intervention in wine markets in two major wine-producing countries, France and Spain, and try to explain the reasons for them. To do so, I examine the specific features of their markets and productive systems, the winegrowers' collective action, and the political framework in each country. I argue that the differences are related to a) the strength and cohesion of the winegrowers' lobby; b) the winegrowers' relationship with political parties; and c) the state's ability to respond to their demands.Key words: agricultural policy, wine market, early twentieth century, France, Spain JEL classification: N43, N44, N53, N54, Q18 RESUMENA comienzos del siglo XX, los gobiernos no sólo utilizaban la política comercial para proteger los mercados agrícolas nacionales, sino que también introdujeron regulaciones sobre la calidad, la cantidad y los precios de los productos. En este artículo trato de evaluar las diferencias en la intervención del Estado en los mercados vinícolas en dos de los principales países productores de vino, Francia y España, y las razones de las mismas. Para ello, examino las características específicas de sus mercados y sistemas productivos, la acción colectiva de los viticultores y el marco político de cada país. Sostengo que las diferencias están relacionadas con a) la fuerza y cohesión del  Earlier versions of this article were presented at workshops at the University of Barcelona (February 2014), at the University of Lund (October 2014) and at the III Seminario de la SEHA in Madrid (November 2014). I am grateful for all the comments I received from participants at these workshops. The suggestions of three anonymous referees helped me to introduce substantial improvements in the final version. Financial assistance provided by the Spanish government (HAR2015-69620-C2-1-P) and by the Generalitat de Catalunya (2014-SGR-1345) is also gratefully acknowledged. The usual disclaimer applies. a Dept. Història Econòmica, Facultat d'Economia i Empresa, Universitat de Barcelona. Av. Diagonal, 690 (08034 -Barcelona). Email: j.planas@ub.edu 2 'lobby' vitícola, b) la relación entre viticultores y partidos políticos, y c) la capacidad del Estado para responder a sus demandas.Palabras clave: política agrícola, mercado vinícola, inicios del siglo XX, Francia, España Clasificación JEL: N43, N44, N53, N54, Q18

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La falsification du vin en France, 1880-1905 : un cas de fraude agro-alimentaire

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

The political economy of regulations and trade: Wine trade 1860–1970

STATE INTERVENTION IN WINE MARKETS IN THE EARLY 20^THCENTURY: WHY WAS IT SO DIFFERENT IN FRANCE AND SPAIN?

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La falsification du vin en France, 1880-1905 : un cas de fraude agro-alimentaire

Cited by 24 publications

References 2 publications

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

Standards, Tariffs and Trade: The Rise and Fall of the Raisin Trade between Greece and France in the Late 19th Century and the Definition of Wine

The political economy of regulations and trade: Wine trade 1860–1970

STATE INTERVENTION IN WINE MARKETS IN THE EARLY 20THCENTURY: WHY WAS IT SO DIFFERENT IN FRANCE AND SPAIN?

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STATE INTERVENTION IN WINE MARKETS IN THE EARLY 20^THCENTURY: WHY WAS IT SO DIFFERENT IN FRANCE AND SPAIN?