La gouvernance des innovations médicales

Tournay, Virginie

doi:10.3917/puf.tourn.2007.01

Cited by 22 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…We are talking about people "living in purgatory", as Rabinow (1999) calls the transitory "practiced sites" (p. 4) How to fix a broken heart in which "diversely stratified and partially incompatible histories temporarily and uneasily come together" (p. 23). Not surprisingly, a number of social scientists have already discussed emergent biotechnologies, and have described the attitudes towards them as risk (for example, Bharadwaj et al, 2006), expectations (for example, Brown, 2003, hope (for example, Leibing and Tournay, 2010), anticipation (for example, Adams et al, 2009), ambivalence (for example, Franklin, 2013), and innovation (for example, Nowotny, 2006;Tournay, 2007), among others. A great number of these researchers analyse in detail the complex process of regulation and standardization of hybrid biological matter, such as stem cells.…”

Section: 'Multiverse' and Bio-technologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…These scientists are not the only, but are certainly key players when it comes to articulating authoritative knowledge: it is they who translate and contextualize signs, symptoms, outcomes and analytical processes to different audiences when, for example, they ask for funding, talk to the media, and try to convince patients, other clinicians, and regulatory committee members using their specialized, in-depth knowledge of complex procedures and biological facts (for example, Tournay, 2007). In terms of the breadth and complexity of translating basic science research into clinical applications, we want to focus in this article on one specific aspect: the simultaneity of certainty and uncertainty in the scientists' reasoning and the need to transform, at least partly, uncertain elements into certainty -something that we call the 'multiverse'.…”

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confidence: 99%

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How to fix a broken heart: Cardiac disease and the ‘multiverse’ of stem cell research in Canada

et al. 2016

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This article focuses on Canadian stem cell researchers working on therapeutic applications of autologous stem cells for heart disease. Building on the concept of 'multiverse' -coined by William James and then further developed by Ernst Bloch -we are interested in the simultaneity of the certain and uncertain, sometimes contradictory arguments articulated by these scientists. In the first part of the article we illustrate some of the factors that provide certainty for researchers and clinicians. The second part analyzes the ways in which uncertain elements become integrated into a discourse of certainty. What we would like to show, using the concept of multiverse, is that a relatively new bio-technology such as stem cell treatments generally relies on both certain and uncertain reasoning. However, uncertainty has to give way to a platform of partial certainty, if crucial action is to be taken on issues as diverse as treatments and grant applications. The principle mechanisms we found that can make this kind of transformation possible target future developments (what we call 'if only arguments'), including past encouraging results in need of further research. The online version of this article is available Open AccessYou have to have a good cell to repair the heart.(Researcher B)Stem cell treatments, in many cases, are 'technologies of hope' for patients suffering from a severely disabling, sometimes mortal, health condition (see Brown, 2003; also Leibing and

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Section: 'Multiverse' and Bio-technologiesmentioning

confidence: 97%

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confidence: 99%

How to fix a broken heart: Cardiac disease and the ‘multiverse’ of stem cell research in Canada

et al. 2016

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“…An interesting point is that the first three central sites (Eurostemcell, Worldstemcellsummit, and Alliancerm) correspond to major international scientific networks grouping together laboratories, clinicians, scientists, ethicists, social scientists, patients, regulators, and policy makers. These new kinds of scientific and political organizations are characteristic of the new governance of biotechnological innovation (Tournay, 2007); they are opinion makers in the sense that they are central to the imitation process. A publication such as the journal cell is important (high indegree) but its role is not very central in this digital network because it is not connected to a lot of web entities.…”

Section: Web-based Big Data Analysis For Public Opinionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A New Web-Based Big Data Analytics for Dynamic Public Opinion Mapping in Digital Networks on Contested Biotechnology Fields

Tournay

Jacomy

Necula

et al. 2020

OMICS: A Journal of Integrative Biology

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The expression ''public opinion'' has long been part of common parlance. However, its value as a scientific measure has been the topic of abundant academic debates over the past several decades. Such debates have produced more variety and contestations rather than consensus on the very definition of public opinion, let alone on how to measure it. This study reports on the usefulness of web-based big data digital network analytics in deciphering the distributed meanings and sense making related to controversial biotechnology applications. Using stem cell therapies as a case study, we argue that such digital network analysis can complement the traditional opinion polls while avoiding the sampling bias that is typical of opinion polls. Although the polls cannot account for the opinion dynamics, combining them with web-based big data analysis can shed light on three dimensions of public opinion essential for sense making: counts or volume of opinion data, content, and movement of opinions. This approach is particularly promising in the case of ongoing scientific controversies that increasingly overflow into the public sphere morphing into public political debates. In particular, our study focuses as a case study on public controversies over the clinical provision of stem cell therapies. Using web entities specifically addressing stem cell issues, including their dynamic aggregation, the internal architecture of the web corpus we report in this study brings the third dimension of public opinion (movement) into sharper focus. Notably, the corpus of stem cell networks through web connectivity presents hot spots of distributed meaning. Large-scale surveys conducted on these issues, such as the Eurobarometer of Biotechnology, reveal that European citizens only accept research on stem cells if they are highly regulated, while the stem cell digital network analysis presented in this study suggests that distributed meaning is promise centeredness. Although major scientific journals and companies tend to structure public opinion networks, our finding of promise centeredness as a key ingredient of distributed meaning and sense making is consistent with therapeutic tourism that remains as an important facet of the stem cell community despite the lack of material standards. This new approach to digital network analysis has crosscutting corollaries for rethinking the notion of public opinion, be it in electoral preferences or as we discuss in this study, for new ways to measure, monitor, and democratically govern emerging technologies.

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“…In some, illegality allowed for the discovery of a new medicinal treatment. Traditional medical governance is centered today on the capacity to medical and pharmaceutical research to address the needs of the society, with a simple validation of public administrations (Tournay 2007). In other words, it is the health professionals who, through clinical trials within a peer-reviewed medical research community, are able to produce and validate the utility of a new molecule and/or therapy.…”

Section: Conclusion: the Impact Of Mother's Mobilizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mothers as Pot Legalizers: From Illegality to Morality in Medical Use of Cannabis in Latin America

Velez¹

2019

Governance Beyond the Law

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La gouvernance des innovations médicales

Cited by 22 publications

References 0 publications

How to fix a broken heart: Cardiac disease and the ‘multiverse’ of stem cell research in Canada

How to fix a broken heart: Cardiac disease and the ‘multiverse’ of stem cell research in Canada

A New Web-Based Big Data Analytics for Dynamic Public Opinion Mapping in Digital Networks on Contested Biotechnology Fields

Mothers as Pot Legalizers: From Illegality to Morality in Medical Use of Cannabis in Latin America

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