La Gouvernance Rurale au Mexique en Réponse À La Vulnérabilité Paysanne Extrême

Abstract

Resume. Depuis 1' ouverture des marches et la dereglementation commerciale a l'echelle mondiale, de nouvelles opportunites de mise en marche ont emerge pour les producteurs agricoles mexicains, notamment dans les secteurs de !'horticulture et du maYs, ce demier faisant l'objet d'une demande croissante de la part des usines americaines de production d'ethanol. Parmi les strategies deployees par l'Etat mexicain pour s'inserer dans l'economie mondiale, on retrouve les politiques agricoles qui encouragent 1' exportation et le developpement de la competitivite des unites productives. Cependant, plusieurs petits producteurs agricoles, connaissant les soubresauts des marches, se retrouvent dans une situation precaire et ne sont pas en mesure de faire les investissements necessaires pour devenir competitifs. Le secteur social mexicain se trouve confronte au dilemme de continuer a cultiver la terre-sans par ailleurs pouvoir en vivre-ou d'abandonner 1 'agriculture et migrer vers la ville ou 1 'etranger. Dans cet article, nous proposons une troisieme voie, celle de la gouvemance rurale, a l'echelle des communautes, realisable grace a !'education rurale pragmatique, la participation sociale, un meilleur contr6le des paysans sur les moyens de production, la valorisation des produits locaux et du mode de vie paysan et la complexification des systemes productifs.Abstract. Since the beginning of trade liberalization and deregulation of the Mexican agricultural sector, new farming business opportunities, such as export-oriented horticulture, as well as com production to supply U.S. ethanol production plants, have arisen for Mexican farmers. Among the strategies de-

Rights, Pressures and Conservation in Forest Regions of Mexico

“…In other words, with sufficient capacity to integrate into the market. See Gravel (2009 In effect, despite what had been written, it has been shown that guetza is the collective work that was institutionalized during the colonial era. Tequio is a náhuatl word that designates the community service of the adult members of the community, whose origin dates back to colonial times.…”

“…By the 1990s the ejidos had been privatized and extension Nevertheless, political discourse has continued to defend the importance of developing autonomous and efficient agrifood systems. In a country where only 6% of farmers are classified as "modern", 12 the Mexican Government has had to propose various programmes and measures to mitigate the impacts of rising food prices for the poorest strata of the population (Gravel, 2009). The main measures aimed at the poorest farmers were a distribution of grants according to cultivated acreage (such as the so-called Procampo Programme) and aid to the poorest women (Progresa/Oportunidad).…”

Uso De Ferramentas McDm Para Classificação De Fluidos De Corte De Base Vegetal Baseado Em Propriedades De Usinagem, Tribológicas E Fisicoquímicas

“…Governança não é sinônimo de governabilidade. Aqui entende-se a governabilidade, vinculada ao sistema político-institucional, como a dimensão estatal do exercício do poder que direciona o desenvolvimento do controle e da ordem, bem como possui atributos considerados essenciais para o exercício do governo (GRAVEL e LAVOIE, 2009).…”

“…Com isto, envolve os diversos atores não estatais no processo de negociação e tomada de decisão. Em um plano mais amplo, a governança engloba a sociedade como um todo (ROSENAU, 2002;GONÇALVES, 2006;GRAVEL e LAVOIE, 2009).…”

Environmental Governance in Latin America

“…In a country where only 6% of farmers are classified as "modern", 12 the Mexican Government has had to propose various programmes and measures to mitigate the impacts of rising food prices for the poorest strata of the population (Gravel, 2009). The main measures aimed at the poorest farmers were a distribution of grants according to cultivated acreage (such as the so-called Procampo Programme) and aid to the poorest women (Progresa/Oportunidad).…”