“…Studies suggest that the association of crops with oil palm is complicated since the canopy cover transmits little light to the soil surface, which makes it impossible for other commercial plants to grow and develop [ 11 ]. In addition, roots become entwined, causing soil compaction, nutrient competition, and strangulation of the crop roots [ [12] , [13] , [14] ]. However, it has been reported that oil palm included in an agroforestry system improves the physicochemical and biological properties of the soil, reduces carbon loss, and increases family income, among others [ 15 ].…”