La pauvreté périurbaine: dépendance locale ou dépendance automobile ?

Coutard, Olivier; Dupuy, Gabriel; Fol, Sylvie

doi:10.3917/esp.g2002.108n1.0155

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

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“…In particular, this phenomenon is worsened by a spatial mismatch between home and workplace locations (Lucas 2010;Wenglenski and Orfeuil, 2004;Coutard et al 2002). For example, car dependency has rapidly increased amongst low-skilled and lower income people in European cities like London, Paris and Madrid.…”

Section: A Literature Review On Accessibility and Transport-related Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the equity effects of road-pricing in the European urban context – The Madrid Metropolitan Area

Ciommo

Lucas

2014

Applied Geography

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Research highlights1. Identifies an evaluation framework to assess the social impacts of road-pricing 2. Applies the framework to a proposed scheme for the Madrid Metropolitan Area 3. The increased economic burden particularly affects lower income individuals 4. Lower income drivers will reduce their use of the proposed tolled roads 5. This will decrease accessibility where there is no viable public transport alternative AbstractThe paper identifies the potential spatial and social impacts of a proposed road-pricing scheme for different social groups in the Madrid Metropolitan Area (MMA). We appraise the accessibility of different districts within the MMA in terms of the actual and perceived cost of using the road infrastructure 'before' and 'after' implementation of the scheme. The appraisal framework was developed using quantitative survey data and qualitative focus group discussions with residents. We then simulated user behaviours (mode and route choice) based on the empirical evidence from a travel demand model for the MMA. The results from our simulation model demonstrated that implementation of the toll on the orbital metropolitan motorways (M40, M30, for example) decreases accessibility mostly in the districts where there are no viable public transport alternatives.Our specific study finding is that the economic burden of the road-pricing scheme particularly affects unskilled and lower income individuals living in the south of the MMA. The focus groups confirmed that low income drivers in the south part of the MMA would reduce their use of tolled roads and have to find new arrangements for these trips: i.e. switch to public transport, spend double the time travelling or stay at home. More generally, our research finds that European transport planners are still a long way from recognising the social equity implications of their policy decisions and that more thorough social appraisals are needed to avoid the social exclusion of low income populations when road tolling is proposed.

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Section: A Literature Review On Accessibility and Transport-related Smentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluating the equity effects of road-pricing in the European urban context – The Madrid Metropolitan Area

Ciommo

Lucas

2014

Applied Geography

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“…Nonetheless, these same differences between well-off and low-income households can also be observed in places where the urban fabric is dense and well-served by local amenities, shops and public transport (Hivert and Péan de Ponfilly, 2000). These largely qualitative studies suggest that this phenomenon may make it harder to find work in the peripheral areas (Rougé, 2007) and may restrict access to food and day-to-day goods (Coutard et al, 2002) or to leisure and family visits (MotteBaumvol, 2007b). It is generally accepted that mobility is one of the conditions of good social integration (Orfeuil, 2004;Urry, 2000), thus these areas could threaten both the daily functioning of low-income households and their inclusion in the dominant lifestyle.…”

Section: 'Transport Stress'mentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Research dealing specifically with the individual dimension (Coutard et al, 2002;Motte-Baumvol, 2007b;Rougé, 2007) gives us more precise information on the nature of the threat to low-income populations posed by their residency in periurban areas. It has been ascertained that low-income households in these areas are less mobile in terms of distance, speed, frequency and trip purpose than their wealthier neighbours.…”

Section: 'Transport Stress'mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The work by Coutard et al (2002) on the mobility conditions of poor households revealed the adjustments car-less households are required to make in order to achieve their relatively low level of mobility. Three types of practice were identified, but this study did not reveal the scale of such practices because of its qualitative methods.…”

Section: Findings Household Mobility In the Outer Suburbs Of Parismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Escaping Car Dependence in the Outer Suburbs of Paris

2009

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The outer suburbs of Paris are home to a large number of low-income households driven from the centre by the workings of the property market. This shift could give rise to a new form of socio-spatial segregation insofar as the elevated costs of mobility in such highly car-dependent areas restrict and change these households' mobility patterns. These effects were observed in data on three groups of working people from the 2001 global transport survey. However, the socio-spatial impact of this outward movement is significantly reduced by the residential mobility of low-income households, which move from the most car-dependent areas to denser areas with better public transport provision. The presence of social housing in these areas only partially explains these migrations. These results obtained from 1999 census micro-data cast doubt upon the emergence of a new form of segregation in the outer suburbs described by Dodson and Sipe. of transport are less numerous. In these areas, the car has a radical monopoly in the sense proposed by Illich (1974)-it detracts from other means of transport, specifically by offering greater speed of travel and a high degree of flexibility. Urban outskirts are dependent on the car; this is the logical outcome of a period in which the trend was essentially to promote car use (Giuliano and Narayan, 2003).

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“…Here we have studies on the specifics of carless households (Dittrich-Wesbuer and Freudenau, 2002;Jeekel, 2011Jeekel, , 2013Sandqvist and Kristrom, 2001;Zumkeller et al, 2005). We have studies on the mobility patterns and problems of the poorer segments of western societies (Coutard et al, 2002;Grieco and Raje, 2004;Kim, 2002;Runge, 2005;Taylor et al, 2009), we have many studies about the mobility of children (Bachiri, 2006;Bachiri et al, 2008;Davidson et al, 2008;Fotel and Thomsen, 2004;Funk, 2009;Gough et al, 2001;de Groof, 2004;Hume et al, 2004;Lewis et al, 2006;Limbourg, 2005;Limbourg and Rieter, 2003;Lyons and Swinbank, 1998;Mackett et al, 2002;McDonald, 2005;Nelson et al, 2008;Paskins, 2004;van der Ploeg et al, 2008;Ridgewell et al, 2005;Risotto and Tonucci, 1999;Sandqvist, 2002;de Singly, 2002;Sjolie and Thuen, 2002;Tillberg Mattson, 2002;Tranter and Malone, 2003;Tully, 2000Tully, , 2003Turbin et al, 2002;Weston, 2005;Zwerts and Werts, 2003), on the mobility of single parent households …”

Section: Analysing Social Equity and Inequality In Transportmentioning

confidence: 99%

Social exclusion, vulnerable groups and driving forces: Towards a social research based policy on car mobility

Jeekel

2014

Case Studies on Transport Policy

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La pauvreté périurbaine: dépendance locale ou dépendance automobile ?

Cited by 52 publications

References 0 publications

Evaluating the equity effects of road-pricing in the European urban context – The Madrid Metropolitan Area

Evaluating the equity effects of road-pricing in the European urban context – The Madrid Metropolitan Area

Escaping Car Dependence in the Outer Suburbs of Paris

Social exclusion, vulnerable groups and driving forces: Towards a social research based policy on car mobility

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