La pensión pública de jubilación en España una triple discriminación de género

Abstract

ResumenLa investigación profundiza en la triple discriminación de género en la transición entre el mercado laboral y la pensión de jubilación. Para ello, se utilizan dos fuentes de datos: los módulos específicos de la Encuesta de Población Activa en 2006 y 2012 y la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales entre 2004 y 2016. Se construyen las tablas de permanencia en el mercado laboral por edad y años cotizados, según sexo y nivel educativo, utilizando el análisis de Cox. A diferencia de los hombres, las mujeres presentan un alto porcentaje de no vinculación al empleo, una corta carrera laboral con acceso tardío a la pensión (para poder acumular suficientes años de cotización) y una fuerte diferenciación según educación. Se concluye que la discriminación ha disminuido, pero no ha desaparecido. AbstractThis study investigates the triple form of gender discrimination that exists in the transition between the labour market and the state retirement pension. Two data sources were used: the specific modules of the Spanish Labour Force Survey from 2006 and 2012 and the Spanish Continuous Working Life Sample from between 2004 and 2016. A Cox analysis was used to build tables related to the continued participation in the labour market by age and number of years contributed to the Social Security system, by sex and educational level. It was found that women had a high rate of non-employment, a short working life, with late access to their pension (to be able to have enough years of contribution to the state pension scheme) and were strongly differentiated according to education level, unlike men. It was concluded that discrimination has decreased but has not disappeared.

Regional inequalities in life expectancy and lifespan variation by educational attainment in Spain, 2014–2018

“…A greater heterogeneity, manifested in higher risks of premature mortality and a more unequal distribution of deaths, make also harder for certain individuals to adequately plan for their future or amass savings or other assets (van Raalte et al, 2018). Apart from the potential exclusions from the labour market, gender disparities and difficulties in getting a good pension, this means lower‐educated individuals then face another additional burden across their life course given the way these institutions are designed in Spain (Domínguez‐Rodríguez et al, 2020). From a healthcare and public policy perspective, more resources for these particular groups could possibly reduce variability in health across regions.…”

“…Apart from the potential exclusions from the labour market, gender disparities and difficulties in getting a good pension, this means lower-educated individuals then face another additional burden across their life course given the way these institutions are designed in Spain (Domínguez-Rodríguez et al, 2020). From a healthcare and public policy perspective, more resources for these particular groups could possibly reduce variability in health across regions.…”