Cambio demográfi co • Características demográfi cas • Censo • Europa • Personas mayores • Formas de convivencia Resumen El artículo analiza la evolución de la vida en solitario de las personas de 65 a 84 años no casadas y que no cohabitan en pareja entre 1991 y 2001 en siete países europeos (España, Francia, Grecia, Hungría, Portugal, Rumanía y Suiza). Para ello se utilizan microdatos censales procedentes de IPUMS (Integrated Public Use Microdata Series). Se examina el papel de cinco variables en la probabilidad de vivir solo frente a la de corresidir con otras personas y se investiga si la evolución observada se debe a cambios en la composición de la población. Adoptamos la regresión logística como técnica de estandarización con los datos censales. Los resultados muestran que los patrones regionales observados permanecen cuando se controla por todas las variables y que se da un aumento generalizado de la vida en solitario en 2001 en todos los países salvo en Rumanía, donde hubiera disminuido de no ser por los cambios en la composición de la población. La estructura demográfi ca (sexo, edad y estado civil) no modifi ca signifi cativamente las proporciones observadas a nivel temporal o regional. En contraste, las variaciones de estructura en cuanto a las variables socioeconómicas (nivel educativo y relación con la actividad) son clave para la explicación de una parte del cambio observado.
As the baby boom cohort approaches retirement, there has been considerable uncertainty about the economic sustainability of the social security systems in most of the developed world. In recent decades, Spain has had both one of the oldest populations and the lowest levels of employment among the population aged 50 and over in Europe. This article addresses these issues by investigating the relationship between ageing and labour participation in the adult population. We examine the changes in employment exit patterns among men and women between 1999 and 2012, and the factors which influence early retirement, using the Spanish Labour Force Survey (panel dataset). We found clear gender effects in retirement behaviour in terms of the shares of the population who were not working and the predictors of early retirement. The partner is shown to be more relevant in the retirement timing decisions of men, while dependents are found to be more relevant in the decisions of women. Moreover, the likelihood of exiting the labour market early appears to be decreasing among women, and increasing among men.
ResumenLa investigación profundiza en la triple discriminación de género en la transición entre el mercado laboral y la pensión de jubilación. Para ello, se utilizan dos fuentes de datos: los módulos específicos de la Encuesta de Población Activa en 2006 y 2012 y la Muestra Continua de Vidas Laborales entre 2004 y 2016. Se construyen las tablas de permanencia en el mercado laboral por edad y años cotizados, según sexo y nivel educativo, utilizando el análisis de Cox. A diferencia de los hombres, las mujeres presentan un alto porcentaje de no vinculación al empleo, una corta carrera laboral con acceso tardío a la pensión (para poder acumular suficientes años de cotización) y una fuerte diferenciación según educación. Se concluye que la discriminación ha disminuido, pero no ha desaparecido. AbstractThis study investigates the triple form of gender discrimination that exists in the transition between the labour market and the state retirement pension. Two data sources were used: the specific modules of the Spanish Labour Force Survey from 2006 and 2012 and the Spanish Continuous Working Life Sample from between 2004 and 2016. A Cox analysis was used to build tables related to the continued participation in the labour market by age and number of years contributed to the Social Security system, by sex and educational level. It was found that women had a high rate of non-employment, a short working life, with late access to their pension (to be able to have enough years of contribution to the state pension scheme) and were strongly differentiated according to education level, unlike men. It was concluded that discrimination has decreased but has not disappeared.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.
customersupport@researchsolutions.com
10624 S. Eastern Ave., Ste. A-614
Henderson, NV 89052, USA
This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply.
Copyright © 2024 scite LLC. All rights reserved.
Made with 💙 for researchers
Part of the Research Solutions Family.