La prévisibilité au service de l'imprévisibilité. À la recherche du « code secret » du football

Alexandre, Olivier; Collard, Luc; Pruvost, Alexandre; Lech, Antoine

doi:10.3917/res.156.0241

Cited by 15 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…Discussing football players' abilities is an eternal theme of armchair debating, punctuated with aggressive conversations and the "Researcher" is often to be found in the front line. In recent years, the success of the realism of the database (parallel to the commercial success of the series) reached the point when striking examples of real-life football players, unknown not long before, became football stars a few years after Football Manager had predicted they would rise to worldwide fame (Nakrani, 2013). Obviously, there are also a lot of "future star" wonderkids in Football Manager who eventually turn into anonymous limited players in real life.…”

Section: Generificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this field, there is a sport in the USA which has paved the way and this "technological promise" originates in its anterior media success. Baseball, unlike football (Oboeuf, Collard & Pruvost, 2009), is a sport which readily accommodates with "number crunching", statistical processing and the definition of mathematical parameters which describe the game. In the United States, baseball culture is closely linked to this quantification.…”

Section: Generificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Football Manager series was created in the early nineties under the name Championship Manager. It has since been outstanding in terms of sales in the Personal Computer gaming industry (Nakrani, 2013), in terms of cultural impact in the UK, and by extension, around the world, in every country where football is a major cultural topic. The game tries to mimic the professional career of a manager in football in both its tactical aspects of managing a team match after match, season after season, but also in its economic and human aspects (like building a relationship to manage with the press, players, agents or club boards).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Football Manager: Mutual Shaping between Game, Sport, and Community

Hocquet¹

2020

Preprint

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Football Manager is one of the most popular sports management video games. For twenty years now, it has been a best seller in all the countries of the world where football is culturally important. Its purpose is to simulate a manager’s career with an emphasis on data analysis and number crunching, especially the football match scenario and the football players’ quantified characteristics. The claimed realism of the game is therefore based, among other things, on the reliability of a constantly-updated database of hundreds of thousands of real football players. The community of gamers, organized in forums and networks around the world are de facto involved in a co-construction of a database which no organization would be able to set up. Yet, Football Manager is also a piece of commercial software, and a performative computer model in the football world: its database is becoming a key issue in the real life football world and this issue provokes debates and tensions in the gaming community. As Big Data is becoming a techno scientific promise in the football world, Football Manager’s metrics and database are becoming increasingly entangled in an economically growing world of real life football and data.

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Section: Generificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Generificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Football Manager: Mutual Shaping between Game, Sport, and Community

Hocquet¹

2020

Preprint

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“…Indeed, players frequently adapt themselves to the task constraints by interpreting the behaviors of their partners and opponents (Parlebas, 1999;Furley and Memmert, 2015). To be efficient, players must be unpredictable and adopt new ways to individually and collectively spoil the projects of the opponents (Oboeuf et al, 2009;Furley and Memmert, 2018). However, to our knowledge, there is little or no research dealing with in creativity in an ecological situation (Oboeuf et al, 2019).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This is the first-degree of interpretation of the players' behavior. In football, this direct communication accounts for 15-25% of communication (Oboeuf et al, 2009). The second category concerns the signs (or praxemes) that are used as support for these direct communications and ensure the overall dynamics of the game.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Traditional Sporting Games on the Development of Creative Skills in Team Sports. The Case of Football

et al. 2020

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The aim of this present study is to investigate the influence of three learning contexts on the development of motor creativity of young footballers (8–9 years old). In team sport, creativity is a fundamental issue because it allows players to adapt in an environment of high social uncertainty. To carry out this work, we suggest a method for assessing motor creativity into ecological situations based on the analysis of praxical communications. Creativity originates from an interaction between divergence and convergence. In our case, the number of communications (fluidity) and the diversity of updated communications (flexibility) are our divergence indicators. Convergence, understood as the ability to make good decisions, is assessed by two expert judges (R > 0.90). Sixty boys’ football players (M = 8.67; SD = 0.3) coming from three football clubs participated in this research. The study lasted 2 years. Each year, a team of 10 players from each club participated in the research twice a week for 32 weeks (8 months), these groups attended different training sessions: (a) the control group (n = 20) followed a classical learning; (b) the decoding group (n = 20) attended training focused on learning the praxemes of football; (c) the traditional sporting games group (n = 20) followed a training session that was jointly focused on praxemes and the practice of traditional sporting games. The motor creativity of players and groups was assessed both at the beginning and at the end of the year during football matches. Compared to the control group, in the post-test, the group with the highest fluidity is the decoding group (p < 0.001) and the one with the highest fluidity is the traditional sporting games group. The latter group is also the one with the best convergence (p < 0.001). The results showed that traditional games can help develop players’ creative abilities. This research invites us to investigate the complementarity between the different offered training.

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Systematic review of declarative tactical knowledge evaluation tools based on game-play scenarios in soccer

2021

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In the last two decades, the analysis of tactical knowledge has become a research channel of increasing interest, contributing to the development of ad-hoc tools to carry out this task. The aim of this study is to collect evaluation tools which allow to measure the declarative tactical knowledge (DTK) in soccer. Five databases (Web of Sciences, Pub Med, SportDiscus, Psycinfo and Eric) were used for the literature search based on PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses) guidelines, according to five inclusion/exclusion criteria: (i) tools that determinate DTK in soccer players, (ii) come from primary sources, that is, published for the first time, (iii) show game-play scenarios in video sequences or static images via questionnaires, (iv) have been submitted to a process of validity and reliability, (v) and avoid the use of verbal language. Nine tools were selected and analyzed in this systematic review: Soccer decision-making tests (McMorris, in Percept Mot Ski 85(2):467, 1997), Protocol for the evaluation of declarative tactical knowledge (Mangas, in Conhecimento declarativo no futebol: Estudo comparativo em praticantes federados e não-federados, do escalão de sub-14, Dissertação de Mestrado, Faculdade de Desporto da Universidade do Porto, 1999), Questionnaire for the evaluation of tactical comprehension applied to football—CECTAF—(De la Vega, in Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte, 2002. https://repositorio.uam.es/bitstream/handle/10486/1723/11535_vega_marcos_ricardodela.pdf?sequence=1), Decision making instrument for Soccer (Fontana, in The development of a decision making instrument for soccer, Master’s degree dissertation, University of Pittsburgh, 2004. http://d-scholarship.pitt.edu/10124/), Game Understanding Test (Blomqvist et al., in Phys Educ Sport Pedagogy 10(2):107–119, 2005), Offensive Football Tactical Knowledge Test—TCTOF—(Serra-Olivares and García-López, in Revista Internacional De Medicina y Ciencias De La Actividad Física y Del Deporte 16(63):521–536, 2016. https://doi.org/10.15366/rimcafd2016.63.008), Video-based decision-making test (Keller et al., in Int J Sports Sci Coach 13(6):1057–1066, 2018. https://doi.org/10.1177/1747954118760778), Decision-Making form IOS application (Bennett et al., in J Sci Med Sport 22(6):729–734, 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsams.2018.12.011) and TacticUP video test for soccer (Machado and Teoldo, in Front Psychol, 2020. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01690). Most of the tools did not pass many of the criteria proposed to assess their quality. Fundamentally, it can be concluded that few tools show specific tactical scores based on game principles or subroles that allow identifying possible points of improvement in the knowledge that players have on specific aspects of the game. For this reason, and based on the other findings found in this review, future studies should consider: (i) the importance of designing tools that reflect scores based on tactical principles and game subroles; (ii) the advantages and disadvantages of designing tools based on static images or video sequences; (iii) the need to design tools that can access the DTK of young children; (iv) the requirement to design tools that present game-play scenarios in the first person; (v) the essentiality of facing the tools designed to rigorous processes of validity and reliability.

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La prévisibilité au service de l'imprévisibilité. À la recherche du « code secret » du football

Cited by 15 publications

References 6 publications

Football Manager: Mutual Shaping between Game, Sport, and Community

Football Manager: Mutual Shaping between Game, Sport, and Community

Influence of Traditional Sporting Games on the Development of Creative Skills in Team Sports. The Case of Football

Systematic review of declarative tactical knowledge evaluation tools based on game-play scenarios in soccer

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