La responsabilidad por el mando en el Acuerdo de Paz firmado por el Gobierno Colombiano y las FARC-EP: un análisis sobre la base del caso Bemba de la Corte Penal Internacional

Abstract

This article discusses the rules on command responsibility issued within the implementation of the Peace Agreement between the Colombian Government and the guerrilla group FARC-EP. The objective is to analyse the meaning of those rules, considering the judgment of the Appeals Chamber of the International Criminal Court in the Bemba case, decided in June 2018. This text argues that those rules on command responsibility cannot be an independent basis for criminal liability, and therefore, applying the ordinary Colombian Criminal Law or International Criminal Law is still necessary. Those rules on command responsibility should facilitate the articulation of the international and domestic levels. However, they generate some interpretive difficulties and exacerbate the tensions on this topic between these two normative levels.

The Special Jurisdiction for Peace and Sui Generis Transitional Justice

“…However, the direct and autonomous application of international law for legal qualification may be problematic when it comes to proceedings aimed at determining criminal responsibility, because its direct usewithout any adaptation or alignment with Colombian criminal lawcould affect the principle of legality. This has been stated by case law and legal scholars, for example, regarding the retroactivity of the figure of command responsibility (Constitutional Court, Judgment C-674 of 2017;Cote, 2019).…”

¿Es posible aplicar directamente la responsabilidad del superior del Estatuto de Roma en Colombia?

“…En el caso colombiano, la responsabilidad del superior es un tema novedoso y poco discutido dentro de la academia y la jurisprudencia. Este tema ha sido tratado en nuestro país por autores como Huertas, Silvera y Amaya (2019), Cote (2019), Olásolo y Canosa (2018), Muñoz (2019) y Amaya (2021). La Corte Suprema de Justicia de la Nación-CSJN aplicó directamente la responsabilidad del superior consagrada en el artículo 28 del Estatuto de Roma por primera vez en la Sentencia SP5333 (CSJ, C2018), para juzgar conforme a esta figura a un comandante paramilitar por delitos cometidos por sus subordinados en el marco de la Ley de Justicia y Paz (Congreso de la República, Ley 975, 2005).…”