“…In contrast, there has been an exclusion of so-called complex victims in this study, which under the lens of the pioneers of victimology are seen as latent victims, those prone to victimization, that is, those who contribute to the offense (Bernath, 2016). In the Colombian case, they are the victims who suffered damages on the occasion of the actual victimization and the asymmetrical circle of victim–victimizer (Garzón, 2018: 156; Urueña, 2017) where (a) the state fought the guerrillas, the peasantry of communist ideology and the civilian population labeled as guerrillas; (b) the guerrillas fought the members of the security forces, the civilian population and the paramilitaries; and, (c) the paramilitaries wiped out the social identities that they disliked, such as drug addicts, common delinquency, prostitutes, homosexuals, guerrilla sponsors and members of the political party of communist ideology Unión Patriótica (Fattah, 2014; Hikal, 2011; Mendelsohn, 1974; Santamaría-Rodríguez, 2017).…”