Lab-like findings from online experiments

Buso, Irene Maria; Cagno, Daniela Di; Ferrari, Lorenzo; Larocca, Vittorio; Lorè, Luisa; Marazzi, Francesca; Panaccione, Luca; Spadoni, Lorenzo

doi:10.1007/s40881-021-00114-8

Cited by 44 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The data collected in both online and laboratory settings produced similar results. These findings are in line with studies showing no significant differences in results of online and in lab experiments (Buso, I.M., Di Cagno, D., Ferrari, L. et al 2021). Earlier studies have established that the perceptual nature of the experiment does not get significantly influenced by the experimental setting (Germine, L., Nakayama, K., Duchaine, B.C.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Big number, big body: Jersey numbers alter body size perception

Shams

Shams-Schaal²,

Föry³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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Vision has been shown to be an active process which can be shaped by top-down influences. Here, we add to this area of research by showing a surprising example of how visual perception can be affected by cognition (i.e., cognitive penetration). Observers were presented, on each trial, with the picture of a computer-generated football player and asked to rate the slenderness of the player on an analog scale. The results of two experiments showed that observers perceived athletes wearing small jersey numbers as more slender than those with high numbers. This finding suggests that the cognition of numbers quantitatively alters body size perception. We conjecture that this effect is the result of previously learned associations (i.e., prior expectations) affecting perceptual inference. Such associations are likely the result of implicit learning of the statistical regularities of number and size attributes co-occurrences by the nervous system. We discuss how these results are consistent with previous research on statistical learning and how they fit into the Bayesian framework of perception. The current finding supports the notion of top-down influences of cognition on perception.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 91%

Big number, big body: Jersey numbers alter body size perception

Shams

Shams-Schaal²,

Föry³

et al. 2022

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…At the same time, since our participants were not monitored by video camera, we cannot rule out the second problem. Nevertheless, previous studies 63 – 65 demonstrated that in online experiments without participant video monitoring, there was no significant difference in social preferences (e.g., fairness and cooperation) compared with laboratory experiments. One of those studies 65 compared the results of online protocols with and without participant video monitoring with the results of a laboratory protocol for three standard economic games: ultimatum, dictator, and public good, finding only minor differences in the choice data, which indirectly supports the internal validity of our results.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Gender differences in guilt aversion in Korea and the United Kingdom

Nihonsugi

Tanaka

Haruno

2022

Sci Rep

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Guilt aversion, which describes the tendency to reduce the discrepancy between a partner’s expectation and his/her actual outcome, is a key driving force for cooperation in both the East and West. A recent study based on functional magnetic resonance imaging and online behavioral experiments reported that men show stronger guilt aversion than women and also suggested that men’s predominance in guilt aversion arises from stronger sensitivity to social norms. However, since the participants of that study were all Japanese, it remains unaddressed how common the gender difference in guilt aversion is. Here, we conducted online behavioral studies on people from Korea and the UK (Korea; n = 294, UK; n = 347) using the same trust game. We confirmed that men exhibit stronger guilt aversion than women in both countries. Furthermore, consistent with the Japanese study, our Lasso regression analysis for UK participants revealed that Big Five Conscientiousness (rule-based decision) correlated with guilt aversion in men. In contrast, guilt aversion in Korean men correlated with Big Five Neuroticism. Thus, our results suggest that gender differences in guilt aversion are universal but the underlying cognitive processes may be influenced by cultural differences.

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“…We performed our lab-in-the-field in August 2017, i.e., long before the COVID-19 pandemics, which has dramatically increased the frequency of online experiments, with researchers significantly improving techniques to recruit representative subject pools, implement video controls during the experiment, and perform payment procedures credible to subjects (see, e.g., Buso et al 2021 ). At the same time, by replicating traditional laboratory experiments, experimental economists have shown that lab-like findings from online experiments are not so far from those previously found in the laboratory (see, e.g., Buso et al 2020 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Target-the-Two: a lab-in-the-field experiment on routinization

2022

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The paper investigates the cognitive determinants of routinization and creativity by means of a lab-in-the-field experiment run at the 20th edition of a mass gathering festival in Italy (“La Notte della Taranta”). Subjects play repeatedly the puzzle version of the Target-The-Two game (32 hands). In hands 1-16, the strategy that is optimal given the card distribution is always the same and it is the easiest to be discovered. Conversely, in hands 17-32, subjects are exposed to games where the optimal contextual strategy may differ from the one with which they have been made familiar. We investigate whether and how, in hands 17-32, subjects remain routinized on the familiar strategy, or creatively choose a different one. We define as “experts” those subjects who played the optimal contextual strategy in the overwhelming majority of hands 1-16. In hands 17-32, we find several subjects playing the familiar strategy even when it is not the optimal one, regardless of whether they are experts or not. This shows that routinization is deep-rooted in the cognitive individual process. Furthermore, routinization pays off only for inexpert subjects: creative inexpert subjects are slower and they fail to find the optimal contextual strategy in several hands. Among expert subjects instead, creative subjects, although still slower, need less moves than routinized ones to find the optimal contextual strategy.

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Lab-like findings from online experiments

Cited by 44 publications

References 14 publications

Big number, big body: Jersey numbers alter body size perception

Big number, big body: Jersey numbers alter body size perception

Gender differences in guilt aversion in Korea and the United Kingdom

Target-the-Two: a lab-in-the-field experiment on routinization

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