This
paper introduces a novel bacterial identification assay based on thermal
wave analysis through surface-imprinted polymers (SIPs). Aluminum
chips are coated with SIPs, serving as synthetic cell receptors that
have been combined previously with the heat-transfer method (HTM)
for the selective detection of bacteria. In this work, the concept
of bacterial identification is extended toward the detection of nine
different bacterial species. In addition, a novel sensing approach,
thermal wave transport analysis (TWTA), is introduced, which analyzes
the propagation of a thermal wave through a functional interface.
The results presented here demonstrate that bacterial rebinding to
the SIP layer resulted in a measurable phase shift in the propagated
wave, which is most pronounced at a frequency of 0.03 Hz. In this
way, the sensor is able to selectively distinguish between the different
bacterial species used in this study. Furthermore, a dose–response
curve was constructed to determine a limit of detection of 1 ×
104 CFU mL–1, indicating that TWTA is
advantageous over HTM in terms of sensitivity and response time. Additionally,
the limit of selectivity of the sensor was tested in a mixed bacterial
solution, containing the target species in the presence of a 99-fold
excess of competitor species. Finally, a first application for the
sensor in terms of infection diagnosis is presented, revealing that
the platform is able to detect bacteria in clinically relevant concentrations
as low as 3 × 104 CFU mL–1 in spiked
urine samples.