Label-free green estimation of atenolol and ivabradine hydrochloride in pharmaceutical and biological matrices by synchronous spectrofluorimetry

A green, sensitive, and fast spectrofluorimetric technique for the simultaneous determination of atenolol (ATN) and losartan potassium (LSR) was developed. The proposed technique relied on the implementation of a first derivative synchronous fluorescence spectroscopy for the determination of the investigated drugs simultaneously without pretreatment procedures. The synchronous fluorescence of both drugs was measured in methanol at Δλ of 100 nm, and the first derivative peak amplitudes (1D) were measured at 321 nm for ATN and 348 nm for LSR, each at the zero‐crossing point of the other. The method was rectilinear over the concentration ranges of 100–1000 ng/mL and 50–500 ng/mL for ATN and LSR, respectively. The proposed technique was successfully applied for the determination of the studied drugs in their laboratory‐prepared mixture and pharmaceutical formulations, demonstrating high mean recoveries of 100.54% for ATN and 100.62% for LSR, without interference from common excipients. The results were in good agreement with those obtained by the comparison method. Three recent greenness assessment tools, the Eco‐Scale tool, the Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) metric, and the Analytical GREEnness metric approach, were employed to affirm the greenness of the proposed method. The developed method was proven to be eco‐friendly.

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Eco‐friendly simultaneous estimation of atenolol and losartan potassium in spiked human plasma via synchronous fluorescence with sustainability assessment

Ghozzy,

El‐Enany,

Tolba

et al. 2024

“…Both Green Analytical Procedure Index (GAPI) and Analytical GREEnness (AGREE) tools have been used to determine the greenness of the developed methods. GAPI is used for the evaluation of the greenness of various analytical methods employed for the analysis of pharmaceutical compounds[35][36][37][38]. It is represented by a pictogram constructed of 15 sectors; each sector has red, yellow, or red color based on the level of greenness[39].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Green spectrophotometric and spectrofluorimetric determination of biperiden hydrochloride using erythrosine B sensing probe

Abo Elkheir,

Nasr,

Walash

et al. 2024

Self Cite

Erythrosine B (EB) is a food colorant antiviral xanthene dye that has many applications as a color additive in pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Its use as a sensor for spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric analysis of amine‐based pharmaceuticals renders many advantages because of its availability, low cost, rapid labeling, and high sensitivity. Herein, two fast and sensitive spectrofluorimetric and spectrophotometric methods were established for the estimation of the anti‐Parkinson drug, biperiden (BIP) hydrochloride (HCl), in its raw material and tablet forms. The proposed methods depended on the interaction between the phenolic group of EB and the tertiary amino group of the studied analyte to form an ion‐pair complex at pH 4 using the Britton Robinson buffer. The spectrofluorimetric method is based on the measurement of the quenching power of BIP HCl on the fluorescence intensity of EB at λex/em = 527.0/550.9 nm. This method was rectilinear over the concentration range of 0.1–1.0 μg/mL with a limit of detection (LOD) = 0.017 μg/mL and a limit of quantification (LOQ) = 0.05 μg/mL. Meanwhile, the colorimetric method involved monitoring the absorbance of the formed ion‐pair complex at 555 nm, showing a linearity range of 0.4–5.0 μg/mL with LOD = 0.106 μg/mL and LOQ = 0.322 μg/mL. The proposed methods were assessed for the greenness, indicating the greenness of the developed methods.

Derivatization‐free sustainable spectrofluorimetric estimation of antihistamine drug mizolastine in pharmaceutical and biological matrices

Mohamed,

Omar,

Zeid

et al. 2024

Mizolastine is an antihistamine drug that is commonly used for treatment of chronic urticaria and allergic rhinitis. In this study, a facile, rapid, and sustainable fluorimetric method was established for the estimation of mizolastine in pharmaceutical and biological matrices for the first time. The approach methodology relied on the direct assessment of mizolastine's intrinsic fluorescence at 313 nm after excitation at 272 nm. This intrinsic fluorescence, stemming from the benzimidazole fluorophore moiety in mizolastine structure, serves as a distinctive marker for its precise quantification in the spiked human plasma and pharmaceutical formulations with high %recovery. The method exhibits reasonable sensitivity with lower limits of detection and quantification of 5.4 and 16.6 ng mL−1, respectively, across a concentration range of 25.0–2000.0 and 50–1000 ng mL−1 for the standard mizolastine analysis and mizolastine assay in the plasma sample, respectively. Moreover, the established method was applied to assess tablet content uniformity and mizolastine assay in plasma samples with high recoveries (98.50%–100.20%). Such applications underscore the method's potential applicability within quality control laboratories, preventing the need for sample preparation or laborious extraction steps. Finally, the method's sustainability and practicality were confirmed by applying different greenness and whiteness metrics, yielding excellent results.