Label-Free, Multiplex Glycan Microarray Biosensor for Influenza Virus Detection

Abstract

Newly emerging influenza viruses adapted from animal species pose significant pandemic threats to public health. An understanding of hemagglutinin (HA) receptor-binding specificity to host receptors is key to studying the adaptation of influenza viruses in humans. This information may be particularly useful for predicting the emergence of a pandemic outbreak. Therefore, high-throughput sensing technologies able to profile HA receptor binding can facilitate studies of influenza virus evolution and adaptation in humans. As a step toward this goal, we have prepared glycan-based receptor analogue microarrays on the Arrayed Imaging Reflectometry (AIR) platform. These arrays demonstrate label-free, multiplex detection and discrimination between human and avian influenza viruses. Microarrays consisting of glycan probes with 2,6 and 2,3 linkages were prepared. After first confirming their ability to capture lectins (carbohydrate-binding proteins) with known specificities, we observed that the arrays were able to discriminate between and quantify human pandemic influenza A/California/07/2009 (H1N1pdm) and avian A/Netherlands/1/2000 (H13N8) influenza viruses, respectively. As the method may be expanded to large numbers of glycans (>100) and virus subtypes (H1–H18), we anticipate it can be applied to systematically evaluate influenza virus adaptation in humans. In turn, this will facilitate global influenza surveillance and serve as a new tool enabling health organizations, governments, research institutes, and laboratories to react quickly in the face of a pandemic outbreak.

Recent Advances in Biosensors for Detection of COVID-19 and Other Viruses

“… Label-free, Multiplex microarray biosensor for influenza detection (a) Human and avian cell surface sialyloligosaccharide structures (b) Preparation and incubation of AIR microarray chips for virus-glycan binding detection (c) Glycan-based receptor analogue microarray layout design (d) AIR glycosyl microarray responses to H1N1pdm and H13N8 viruses at various viral doses (e) The glycan microarray's quantitative response data to the H1N1pdm virus (left) and the H13N8 virus at right. (f) Analysis protocol for AIR images (Reprinted from [104] , copyright ACS Publications). …”

Challenges and perspectives of multi-virus biosensing techniques: A review

“…Si substrates/SiO 2 layer IRIS chips functionalized by receptor (antibody/nucleic acid) microarrays have been widely reported for multi-virus detection [ 39 , [42] , [43] , [44] ]. Recently, a single-particle IRIS multiplex viral sensing platform has been proposed [ 45 ].…”

“… Reflectance intensity. overnight Influenza A H1N1pdm, AIV A H13N8 10% FBS solution 9.29× 10 5 PFU mL −1 250 ms No [ 44 ] Antibody Antibody array. Reflectance intensity.…”

Glycan microarrays from construction to applications

“…For instance, ellipsometry-based oblique-incidence reflectivity difference (OI-RD) was utilized for the analysis of interactions between human milk oligosaccharides and bacterial proteins 98 or the binding profiles of influenza A viruses to glycans, 99 which were also probed in another study using arrayed imaging reflectometry (AIR). 100 In addition, a combination of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy was employed to study the interactions between maltotriose and plant lectins on a solid surface. 101 Protein binding to glycans on glycan microarrays has also been detected using a chemiluminescence-based technique.…”