“…NaYF 4 :20%Yb,0.2%Er@NaGdF 4 and BaGdF 5 :20%Yb,0.2%Er nanoparticles were prepared according to our previous reports. , First, the precursors, including (CF 3 COO)Na, (CF 3 COO) 2 Ba, (CF 3 COO) 3 Gd, (CF 3 COO) 3 Yb, and (CF 3 COO) 3 Er, were prepared by dissolving the corresponding metallic oxides in TFA/water (1:1) solutions and stirring with heating at 150 °C till we got clear solutions, and the precursors were collected after drying. Then, for the synthesis of NaYF 4 :20%Yb,0.2%Er@NaGdF 4 , the core precursor solution including CF 3 COONa (1 mmol), (CF 3 COO) 3 Y (0.798 mmol), (CF 3 COO) 3 Er (0.2 mmol), (CF 3 COO) 3 Tm (0.002 mmol), ODE (2.5 mL), and OA (2.5 mL) and the shell precursor solution including (CF 3 COO) 3 Gd (1 mmol), sodium oleate (0.63 mmol), ODE (7.5 mL), and OA (7.3 mL) were prepared by stirring at 100 °C under vacuum conditions for 1 h until the mixtures become clear.…”