Labor Camp Socialism: The Gulag in the Soviet Totalitarian System

Ivanova, Galina; Flath, Carol A.; Raleigh, Donald J.

doi:10.4324/9781315703039

Cited by 20 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Contrary to what is often said, the camps did not use only unskilled labor: they exploited also the knowledge of specialists 11 All in all, there were 24387 specialists in the camps and construction sites of the NKVD 12 : the 5086 specialists not used in their specialty were employed in doing "general works", i. e. they carried out the heaviest, unskilled tasks.…”

Section: First Section: the Concentration Camp And Labor Colony Prisomentioning

confidence: 75%

J.-P. Depretto The categories of forced labor in the Urals during WWII

Depretto¹

2013

Исторический Журнал: Научные Исследования

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Section: First Section: the Concentration Camp And Labor Colony Prisomentioning

confidence: 75%

J.-P. Depretto The categories of forced labor in the Urals during WWII

Depretto¹

2013

Исторический Журнал: Научные Исследования

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“…also 2: 32-86, 34]. Before the outbrake of World War II gulags provided the national economy with 25.3% of its timber [12].…”

Section: Genocide In Gulagsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lethal Laws and Lethal Education: A Case Study of Soviet Genocide Against Polish Foresters and Five Decades of Infodemic

Gwiazdowicz

Matulewska

2020

Int J Semiot Law

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Genocide as a part of nation or ethnic group extermination process is not a welldefined concept. Its meaning is understood intuitively. When law intervenes, the issue of defining the term comes back. Nevertheless, the Polish nation has been recognized as subjected to genocide activities during the Second World War by the Nazi Germany and Soviet Union. The paper focuses on the genocide against mainly one group of Poles that is to say foresters. The martyrologic evidence proves that foresters were an occupation group which for a variety of reasons suffered most. The research carried out in this respect by the National Forests in Poland has revealed that over 20% of prewar staff of the institution actually lost their lives. They were killed by the German and Soviet occupiers, as well as the Ukrainian Insurgent Army. 1 In the eastern parts of Poland foresters and their families were deported and sent to various labour and extermination camps e.g. in Siberia. The aim of the paper is to present the scale of genocide with the main emphasis on genocide against foresters. The definition of genocide provided by Lemkin (Axis rule in occupied Europe: laws of occupation, analysis of government, proposals for redress, Carnegie

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“…3 Background 3.1 Origins of Russian mafia 3.1.1 Gulag Gulag 18 was a system of force labor camps that existed in the Soviet Union from the 1920s until the late 1950s. Although a few of the camps had been remnants of the Czarist Russia, the vast majority were constructed after the 1917 October Revolution in order to house political opponents (and other "enemies of the state") as well as ordinary criminals (Applebaum, 2003;Ivanova, 2000).…”

Section: Descriptive Statisticsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gulags, Crime, and Elite Violence: Origins and Consequences of the Russian Mafia

Lonsky¹

2020

SSRN Journal

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This paper studies the origins and consequences of the Russian mafia (vory-v-zakone). I web scraped a unique dataset that contains detailed biographies of more than 5,000 mafia leaders operating in 15 countries of the (former) Soviet Union at some point between 1916 and 2017. Using this data, I first show that the Russian mafia originated in the Gulag -the Soviet system of forced labor camps which housed around 18 million prisoners in the 1920s-1950s period. Second, I document that the distance to the nearest camp is a strong negative predictor of mafia presence in Russia's communities in the early post-Soviet period. Finally, using an instrumental variable approach which exploits the spatial distribution of the gulags, I examine the effects of mafia presence on local crime and elite violence in mid-1990s Russia.In particular, I show that the communities with mafia presence experienced a dramatic rise in crime driven by turf wars which erupted among rival clans around 1993 and persisted for much of the 1990s. Further heterogeneity analysis reveals that mafia presence led to a spike in attacks against businessmen, fellow criminals, as well as law enforcement officers and judges, while politically-motivated violence remained unaffected.

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Labor Camp Socialism: The Gulag in the Soviet Totalitarian System

Cited by 20 publications

References 0 publications

J.-P. Depretto The categories of forced labor in the Urals during WWII

J.-P. Depretto The categories of forced labor in the Urals during WWII

Lethal Laws and Lethal Education: A Case Study of Soviet Genocide Against Polish Foresters and Five Decades of Infodemic

Gulags, Crime, and Elite Violence: Origins and Consequences of the Russian Mafia

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