Objective: identify the associations between the sociodemographic, and work variables, health conditions and lifestyles, and the risks of illness of nursing workers in a psychiatric hospital. Method: analytical cross-sectional study. The sample of 74 workers answered a questionnaire for sociodemographic, work, health conditions and lifestyles survey characterization. The Work Context Assessment Scale and the Human Cost at Work Scale were used to evaluate the perception of the risks of illness in the interviewee’s opinion. A descriptive and bivariate analysis was performed, with significance of 5%. Results: the factors associated with the risk of illness were: insomnia complaints, night work and workday. Conclusion: the associations between the work variables, health conditions and life habits can harm the health of the nursing staff of a psychiatric hospital.