Laboratory activities involving transmissible spongiform encephalopathy causing agents

Leunda, Amaya; Vaerenbergh, Bernadette Van; Baldo, Aline; Roels, Stefan; Herman, Philippe

doi:10.4161/pri.26533

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 57 publications

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“…Disaccharides such as trehalose, sucrose, and maltose stabilize cell membranes and proteins as water substitutes [ 44 , 45 ]. It is necessary to develop a serum-free (or animal component-free) freezing solution to eliminate mycoplasma, bovine spongiform encephalopathy, and other viruses for ensuring safe cell medical treatment [ 23 , 24 , 46 , 47 ]. Therefore, we used a less toxic freezing solution with DMSO, sericin, and maltose combinations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, DMSO is highly toxic to cells and it induces differentiation, growth inhibition, and cell dysfunction [ [19] , [20] , [21] , [22] ]. FBS is associated with safety concerns due to infectious diseases such as bovine spongiform encephalopathy and those caused by other viruses [ 23 , 24 ], and quality issues due to the non-uniformity of batches. Therefore, it is necessary to develop a less toxic and safe freezing solution using a combination of DMSO and other protective agents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cryopreservation of undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells

Yamatoya

Nagai

Teramoto

et al. 2022

Regenerative Therapy

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The effective use of human-derived cells that are difficult to freeze, such as parenchymal cells and differentiated cells from stem cells, is crucial. A stable supply of damage-sensitive cells, such as differentiated neuronal cells, neurons, and glial cells can contribute considerably to cell therapy. We developed a serum-free freezing solution that is effective for the cryopreservation of differentiated neuronal cells. The quality of the differentiated and undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells was determined based on cell viability, live-cell recovery rate, and morphology of cultured cells, to assess the efficacy of the freezing solutions. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH neuronal cells were reduced by approximately 1.5-folds compared to that of the undifferentiated SK-N-SH cells. The viability and recovery rate of the differentiated SK-N-SH cells were remarkably different between the freezing solutions containing 10% DMSO and that containing 10% glycerol. Cryoprotectants such as fetal bovine serum (FBS), antifreeze proteins (sericin), and sugars (maltose), are essential for protecting against freeze damage in differentiated neuronal cells and parenchymal cells. Serum-free alternatives (sericin and maltose) could increase safety during cell transplantation and regenerative medicine. Considering these, we propose an effective freezing solution for the cryopreservation of neuronal cells.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryopreservation of undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells

Yamatoya

Nagai

Teramoto

et al. 2022

Regenerative Therapy

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“…Clear consistent methods of decontaminating laboratories and laboratory waste, that are accepted internationally, are required. BSE is a containment category 3 pathogen for humans (with derogations because it is not air‐borne), and appropriate precautions should be taken when handling BSE‐infected material (Leunda, van Vaerenbergh, Baldo, Roels, & Herman, ). There is no evidence that the live animal presents any specific risk to human health (apart from risk of injury from unpredictable behaviour).…”

Section: Main Means Of Prevention Detection and Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

DISCONTOOLS: Identifying gaps in controlling bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Simmons¹,

Ru²,

Casalone³

et al. 2017

Transbound Emerg Dis

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SummaryThis article summarizes the 2016 update of the DISCONTOOLS project gap analysis on bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), which was based on a combination of literature review and expert knowledge. Uncertainty still exists in relation to the pathogenesis, immunology and epidemiology of BSE, but provided that infected material is prohibited from entering the animal feed chain, cases should continue to decline. BSE does not appear to spread between cattle, but if new strains with this ability appear then control would be considerably more difficult. Atypical types of BSE (L-BSE and H-BSE) have been identified, which have different molecular patterns and pathology, and do not display the same clinical signs as classical BSE. Laboratory transmission experiments indicate that the L-BSE agent has zoonotic potential. There is no satisfactory conclusion regarding the origin of the BSE epidemic. C-BSE case numbers declined rapidly following strict controls banning ruminant protein in animal feed, but occasional cases still occur. It is unclear whether these more recent cases indicate inadequate implementation of the bans, or the possibility that C-BSE might occur spontaneously, as has been postulated for H-and L-BSE. All of this will have implications once existing bans and levels of surveillance are both relaxed. Immunochemical

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“…Moreover, PrP Sc cannot be reliably distinguished from its cellular precursor PrP C in living cells, making it impossible to assess prion replication in real time. Finally, the study of human prions is fraught with serious biosafety concerns because prion contaminations of laboratory equipment are difficult to detect, prions are exceedingly sturdy and difficult to inactivate, and there are neither vaccines nor therapies against prion infections (Taylor, 1999;WHO, 2000;Leunda et al, 2013;Aguzzi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prion infection, transmission, and cytopathology modeled in a low-biohazard human cell line

et al. 2020

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Transmission of prion infectivity to susceptible murine cell lines has simplified prion titration assays and has greatly reduced the need for animal experimentation. However, murine cell models suffer from technical and biological constraints. Human cell lines might be more useful, but they are much more biohazardous and are often poorly infectible. Here, we describe the human clonal cell line hovS, which lacks the human PRNP gene and expresses instead the ovine PRNP VRQ allele. HovS cells were highly susceptible to the PG127 strain of sheep-derived murine prions, reaching up to 90% infected cells in any given culture and were maintained in a continuous infected state for at least 14 passages. Infected hovS cells produced proteinase K–resistant prion protein (PrPSc), pelletable PrP aggregates, and bona fide infectious prions capable of infecting further generations of naïve hovS cells and mice expressing the VRQ allelic variant of ovine PrPC. Infection in hovS led to prominent cytopathic vacuolation akin to the spongiform changes observed in individuals suffering from prion diseases. In addition to expanding the toolbox for prion research to human experimental genetics, the hovS cell line provides a human-derived system that does not require human prions. Hence, the manipulation of scrapie-infected hovS cells may present fewer biosafety hazards than that of genuine human prions.

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Laboratory activities involving transmissible spongiform encephalopathy causing agents

Cited by 7 publications

References 57 publications

Cryopreservation of undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells

Cryopreservation of undifferentiated and differentiated human neuronal cells

DISCONTOOLS: Identifying gaps in controlling bovine spongiform encephalopathy

Prion infection, transmission, and cytopathology modeled in a low-biohazard human cell line

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