Laboratory and field bioassays on the effects of Beauveria bassiana Vuillemin (Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) on red oak borer, Enaphalodes rufulus (Haldeman) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae)

Investigations of Trichoderma spp. and Beauveria bassiana as biological control agent for Xylotrechus arvicola, a major insect pest in Spanish vineyards

“…Insect larvae are generally more susceptible than adults to enthomopathogenic fungi due to their thinner cuticle (Rodríguez-González et al 2016b). Albeit our results on X. arvicola adult mortality using B. bassiana are analogous to Meyers et al (2013) in the control of E. rufulus adults, Jia-Ning and Rong-Ping (2002) report a higher mortality (90.0%) on Xylotrechus quadripes (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae). Rodríguez-González et al (2016b) have described that entomopathogenic fungi have the capacity to invade living insects through their cuticle and proliferate inside them, making these entomopathogenic fungi a unique and highly effective tool for insect pest control.…”

“…In experiment 2, larval mortality obtained by B. bassiana can be considered high compared to Mitsuaki et al (2002) for the larval control of Anoplophora glabripennis (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), obtaining a mortality of 50.0%. However, Meyers et al (2013) described a higher performance of B. bassiana (strain GHA) on Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) larvae, achieving a total control 4 d after the treatment. Insect larvae are generally more susceptible than adults to enthomopathogenic fungi due to their thinner cuticle (Rodríguez-González et al 2016b).…”

Control of egg and neonate larvae ofXylotrechus arvicola(Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a new vineyard pest, under laboratory conditions

“…The activity of B. bassiana on eggs placed in Petri dishes was strong, because it inhibited above 87.0% of hatching of the eggs. Such ovicidal control exceeded that described by Ren et al () when treating Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) eggs and nymphs, where a mortality of 72.8% was achieved, but it was lower than that obtained by Meyers et al () when treatment of red oak borer Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) eggs with B. bassiana provided total control. Beauveria bassiana achieved better mortality than that produced by conventional insecticides (imidacloprid with 84.5%) or insecticides with ovicidal and larvicidal capacity (flufenoxuron with 81.0%).…”

“…It is a priority to choose compounds that control X. arvicola with a different mode of action, for example, insecticides that have shown good results in the control of other cerambycid pests, insecticides with a high specificity or insecticides with a low eventual side effect with natural enemies. Insecticides that have shown good results with other cerambycid pests, such as chlorpyrifos, which have been used against Acalolepta vastator (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), a cerambycid which has caused serious damage to vineyards in important wine‐producing regions (Goodwin ) or imidacloprid, which has demonstrated effectiveness against the cerambycid borer Macropophora accentifer (Olivier) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in citrus (Machado and Raga ). Insecticides with a high specifity, such as pyriproxyfen, which has shown ovicidal activity through contact with less than 1‐day old X. arvicola eggs and ovicidal activity through contact with eggs of different age (García‐Ruiz et al ) or flufenoxuron, that besides the specificity described for pyriproxyfen, also has residual effect on other development stages of the insect pest Gonipterus scutellatus (Santolamazza‐Carbone and Fernández de Ana‐Magán ). Insecticides with a low side effect on natural enemies, such as spinosad, which is an insecticide of biological origin used to control some pests that have presented resistance to organophosphates and pyrethroids under field conditions and has shown low toxicity for natural enemies of insect pests (Mori and Gotoh ) or the biological control agent Beauveria bassiana , which is able to infect and kill other coleoptera cerambycidae, such as Xylotrechus quadripes Chevrolat (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), Acalolepta cervinus Hope (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Jia‐Ning and Rong‐Ping ) and Enaphalodes rufulus (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) (Meyers et al ). …”

Susceptibility of larvae and adults ofMonochamus galloprovincialisto entomopathogenic fungi under controlled conditions

“…Entomopathogenic fungi are well known as biological control agents of diverse insect pests, and have been tested with success against cerambycidae with ecology and life cycles similar to M. galloprovincialis (Ambethgar and Mahalingam 2002;Dubois et al 2008;Francardi et al 2012;Ludwig and Oetting 2002;Pramono et al 2001;Marannino et al 2010;Meyers et al 2013;Pramono et al 2001), and therefore may constitute an interesting option to control the vector insect.…”