Laboratory And Field Evaluations Of Silwet L-77 And Kinetic Alone and in Combination with Imidacloprid and Abamectin for the Management of the Asian Citrus Psyllid, Diaphorina Citri (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

Abstract

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Incidence of Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus Infection in Abandoned Citrus Occurring in Proximity to Commercially Managed Groves

“…Commercially managed citrus groves receive six to eight insecticide applications per year (Srinivasan et al 2008) and other routine maintenance, such as mowing and disease management sprays. Therefore, the biased movement of D. citri from abandoned into managed groves (Boina et al 2009) is probably due to the presence of more citrus ßush in managed groves, which serve as oviposition sites and food for developing nymphs.…”

Effective Use of Neonicotinoids for Protection of Citrus Seedlings From Invasion by <I>Diaphorina citri</I> (Hemiptera: Psyllidae)

“…The Þrst application in the Þeld should be carried out before the time when the insecticide efÞcacy is reduced to a level at which the efÞcacy of the insecticide would be insufÞcient (t 2 ). The latency of the efÞcacy in citrus plants, t 1 , seems to be 5 d by imidacloprid (Srinivasan et al 2008), and the longevity of the efÞcacy, t 2 , is possibly longer than 30 d (e.g., Hayashikawa et al 2006, Yasuda et al 2006, Srinivasan et al 2008, longer than 3 mo , or even 23 wk (Yasuda et al 2007). These values, t 1 and t 2 , can vary among crops.…”

Differential Efficacy of Insecticides According to Crop Growth: The Citrus Psyllid on Citrus Plants

“…Since no direct control of the pathogen has been established yet, the current management of this disease relies on the control of the vector, especially by insecticides (Halbert & Manjunath, 2004;Yang et al, 2006). Many studies have been performed to examine the efficacy of various insecticides on the control of psyllids, revealing that neonicotinoids such as imidacloprid or thiamethoxam are very effective on the psyllid (Hayashikawa et al, 2006;Yasuda et al, 2006;Srinivasan et al, 2008;Gatineau et al, 2010;Ichinose et al, 2010a). These insecticides are characterised by their long-continued residue effect on the pest, up to several months (Yasuda et al, 2007), and their reducible effects on the psyllid population can continue even after the concentration of the insecticides is decreased below the lethal level (Boina et al, 2009).…”