Laboratory assessment and durability performance of vinyl-ester, polyester, and epoxy glass-FRP bars for concrete structures

Benmokrane, Brahim; Ali, Abdelrahman; Mohamed, Hamdy M.; ElSafty, Adel; Ferdous, Wahid

doi:10.1016/j.compositesb.2017.02.002

Cited by 185 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…Krayushkina et al made an investigation of fiber concrete for road and bridge building[177]. Benmokrane et al have given a laboratory assessment and durability performance of vnyl-ester, polyester, and epoxy glass-FRP bars for concrete structures[178]. Hambach and Volkmer reported the properties of 3D-printed fiberreinforced Portland cement paste[179].…”

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confidence: 99%

Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)

Iskender

Karasu

2018

El-Cezeri Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi

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In the 1940's, potential of glass as a construction material was realized and improvement continued with the addition of zirconium dioxide in 1960's for harsh alkali conditions. To enhance durability of materials, new generation of glass fibres directed to improvement process. In this way, glass fibre reinforced concrete (GFRC) was started to produce for the satisfaction of different demands. Scientific studies and tests on the GFRC have shown that the physical and mechanical properties of the GFRC change depending on the quality of the materials and the accuracy of the production methods. GFRC can be used wherever a light, strong, fire resistant, weather resistant, attractive, impermeable material is needed. As technology advances, it is possibly expected to build the whole building and complex freeform with low cost. In recent years, the effect of glass fibres in hybrid mixtures has been investigated for high-performance concrete (HPC), an emerging technology termed, which has become popular in the construction industry.

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confidence: 99%

Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)

Iskender

Karasu

2018

El-Cezeri Fen Ve Mühendislik Dergisi

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“…This is a consequence of the physical and/or chemical reactions between fibres and matrix [19], which affect the interfacial fibre/matrix bond strength and, consequently, higher stress relaxations. When solutions penetrate through microcracks or interface fibre/matrix, they react with the resin/fibre interface, promoting its debonding [18,19,21,22]. However, although this phenomenon also occurred in the other orientations, it was more evident in laminates with fibres of 0 • due to the higher load carrying capacity.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Physical ageing can change the molecular conformation and cause embrittlement, whereas chemical ageing produces irreversible degradation of the molecular structure [17]. In this context, Benmokrane et al [18] observed that both H 2 O and H + are soaked through microcracks and voids, causing greater defects, and in particular, H + reacted with the resin/fibre interfaces, promoting its debonding. These results seem to indicate that the damage mechanisms that are initiated by physical and/or chemical reactions between fibres and matrix are indeed responsible for the lower mechanical properties observed.…”

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Effect of Fibre Orientation and Hostile Solutions on Stress Relaxation of Glass/Polyamide Composites

2019

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Polyamide creates high-performance composite materials, which are replacing the traditional epoxy composites in several applications. In this context, exposure to hostile environments is expected. On the other hand, due to the viscoelastic nature of the matrix, these composite materials are prone to stress relaxation. Therefore, the stress relaxation behaviour of glass/polyamide 6 composites was studied considering different fibre directions, as well as exposure to NaOH and HCl solutions. Stress relaxation tests on the bending mode were carried out, and the stress recorded during the loading time (7200 s). All tests were characterized by a stress decrease over time, but laminates with higher fibre angles were more prone to stress relaxation. However, exposure to hostile solutions promoted more significant decreases, where the highest stress relaxation was achieved for alkaline environments with values that were three times higher for laminates with fibres at 0 • and around one and half times higher for 45 • fibre alignments when compared with the control samples. Finally, the Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts (KWW) model showed that it can be used to predict stress relaxation time, due to the accuracy that was obtained between the experimental and theoretical results. Polymers 2020, 12, 20 2 of 12On the other hand, in terms of corrosive environments (alkaline and acidic solutions), the literature is much more abundant with respect to thermoset composites than thermoplastics. For instance, studies developed by Stamenovic et al. [11] in glass-polyester composites demonstrated that alkaline solutions are responsible for the decrease of tensile strength and elastic modulus, because they are highly corrosive, whereas the opposite tendency occurs when these composites are exposed to acid solutions. However, for both solutions, the changes observed are very dependent on the pH value and exposure time. Feng et al. [12] studied the effect of different solutions (H 2 SO 4 , NaCl and NaOH) on glass fibre-reinforced polymer (GFRP)/epoxy composites and observed a decrease in hardness, flexural strength and elastic modulus, and this trend is even higher for higher concentrations. Moreover, Amaro et al. [13] analysed the effect of alkaline (NaOH) and acid (HCl) solutions on the flexural properties of these composites, and the worst bending properties were obtained when the glass/epoxy composites were exposed to NaOH solutions. The effect of hydrochloric acid (HCl) and sulphuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was also compared by these authors, and the HCl solution was responsible for the poorest results [14]. Similar conclusions were also obtained by Kamal and Kadhim [15] on nano-silica-reinforced (glass/Kevlar) fabric polyester hybrid composites, due to the higher corrosive effect of alkaline solutions. Finally, the effects of strong acids (HCl, H 2 SO 4 , HNO 3 and H 3 PO 4 ) on mechanical properties of glass/polyester glass-reinforced pipes (GRP) at normal and high temperatures were evaluated by Mahmoud and Tantawi [16]. They observed significan...

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“…Evaluate effect test rates: displacement controlled rates between 1.2 mm/min -5 mm/min High variability. Based on ASTM D4476 and several studies such as (Benmokrane et al, 2017b) and (Benmokrane et al, 2017a) the optimum rate with least variability and higher reliability was selected at 3.8 mm/min.…”

Section: Parameter Description Conclusion Ratiomentioning

confidence: 99%

Quality control methodology for composite FRP rebars

Echeverria

Emparanza

Nanni³

et al. 2019

Sustainable Construction Materials and Technologies (SCMT)

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The increasing demand on reinforced concrete infrastructure, coupled with environmental challenges, results in accelerated degradation evident for example by corrosion. Composite FRP rebar used to reinforce concrete structures can address durability challenges, making progress towards a safe and resilient built infrastructure. While FRP rebars have been commercially available for at least two decades, with the foreseen increasing demand for its use, establishing reliable and effective quality control (QC) methodology to provide assurance of the manufactured composite rebar properties is paramount for full implementation of this concrete reinforcing technology; and assure extended service life, safety and reliability of concrete infrastructure. This study first presents an initial QC assessment criterion, which is applied to existing QC standard specification, and then validates an alternative methodology based on a flexural test of FRP rebars as a response to the need of additional reliable, effective and rapid tests that FRP rebar manufactures can implement to assess the continued quality of pultruded rebars during production. To this end, various parameters where preliminary evaluated including, two test configurations, span-to-depth ratios, eight manufactures and three different rebar diameters per manufacture (nominal 9.5 mm, 12.7 mm, 25.4 mm). Overall the selected test procedure was validated with over 100 tests and results compared and correlated to FRP rebar tensile properties. Based on the results, reliable and valid physio-mechanical properties can be determined from the test protocol, which can be directly related to design properties. The test is time-and cost-effective and can be adopted to obtain quantitative quality control data in as little as seven minutes.

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Laboratory assessment and durability performance of vinyl-ester, polyester, and epoxy glass-FRP bars for concrete structures

Cited by 185 publications

References 39 publications

Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)

Glass Fibre Reinforced Concrete (GFRC)

Effect of Fibre Orientation and Hostile Solutions on Stress Relaxation of Glass/Polyamide Composites

Quality control methodology for composite FRP rebars

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