“…On the one hand, underwater microphones (Geay et al, 2017;Thorne, 1986) and seismometers located near the stream channel (Dietze et al, 2019;Gimbert et al, 2019;Roth et al, 2016) record the self-generated noise produced by the interparticle collisions of moving bedload material. On the other hand, devices such as the Japanese pipe microphone (Mizuyama et al, 2010a(Mizuyama et al, , 2010bMao et al, 2016) and the impact plate system, equipped either with a microphone, a piezoelectric sensor, or a geophone (e.g., Hilldale et al, 2015;Koshiba et al, 2018;Krein et al, 2008;Kuhnle et al, 2017;Raven et al, 2010;Rickenmann & McArdell, 2007;Wyss et al, 2016a) record the noise produced by the elastic impact of particles on a metallic structure.…”