WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT
• After the TGN1412 incident in London, the European authorities reinforced the safety requirements for first‐entry‐into‐man (FIM) studies. Their recommendations on risk management included a risk minimization strategy based on clearly defined stopping rules. However to date, there are no approved grading scales for clinical adverse events or safety findings to support dose escalation and to define stopping rules in order to mitigate the risks for healthy subjects participating in FIM trials.
WHAT THIS STUDY ADDS
• This paper proposes standardized methods for the grading of safety data (adverse events, laboratory tests, electrocardiogram and vital sign findings) based on relevant criteria. The proposed grading scale provides support both for dose escalation and the design of stopping rules. The derived safety thresholds are applicable at either an individual subject level or at a cohort level, and are specifically adapted to young male healthy subjects, who represent the majority of the subjects participating in FIM trials.
AIM
To propose a relevant grading scale for clinical adverse events or laboratory results, electrocardiogram (ECG) and vital sign findings supporting both dose escalation and stopping decisions in first‐entry‐into‐man (FIM) studies conducted in young healthy subjects.
METHODS
A three‐level scale was used for the proposed grading system. The grading is directly derived from the observed severity of discontinuous variables, as are most of clinical adverse events. A ‘combined method’ based on normal ranges and spontaneous variation is suggested for grading the findings which are continuous variables mainly numerical in nature. One grade, at the subject level, and one algorithm, at the cohort level, support the proposed decision rules. This work was managed by a Club Phase I working group.
RESULTS
Examples of grade 1, 2 and 3 limits are given for the most frequent clinical adverse events and laboratory tests, ECG and vital sign findings. When available, the proposed NIH and FDA limits are also provided. The safety recommendation is to use the grade 2 at least as an alert for caution and the grade 3 as a maximum for stopping, applying the algorithm at the cohort level.
CONCLUSIONS
This paper proposes a safety grading system based on relevant criteria which might be used by investigators and sponsors to support and rationalize dose escalation decisions in healthy young subject FIM studies. These proposals are designed not to be a guideline but some ‘points to consider’ helping the dose escalation process. This paper supports the recent reinforcement of the safety requirements for FIM studies by European authorities.