Laboratory diagnosis of influenza virus infection

Playford, E. Geoffrey; Dwyer, Dominic E.

doi:10.1080/003130201201117909

Cited by 38 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 60 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Direct immunofluorescence was performed using cells from nose and throat swabs spotted on glass slides. The cells were acetone-fixed and stained with fluorescein-conjugated monoclonal antibodies (Chemicon International, Temecula, CA, USA) against influenza A and B and other respiratory viruses (adenoviruses, parainfluenzaviruses and respiratory syncytial virus) [20]. Nucleic acid testing was performed using a nested reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for influenza A and B on RNA extracted from the nose and throat samples using the High Pure viral RNA kit (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer's instructions [21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Treating and Preventing Influenza in Aged Care Facilities: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundInfluenza is an important cause of morbidity and mortality for frail older people. Whilst the antiviral drug oseltamivir (a neuraminidase inhibitor) is approved for treatment and prophylaxis of influenza during outbreaks, there have been no trials comparing treatment only (T) versus treatment and prophylaxis (T&P) in Aged Care Facilities (ACFs). Our objective was to compare a policy of T versus T&P for influenza outbreaks in ACFs.Methods and FindingsWe performed a cluster randomised controlled trial in 16 ACFs, that followed a policy of either “T”—oseltamivir treatment (75 mg twice a day for 5 days)—or “T&P”—treatment and prophylaxis (75 mg once a day for 10 days) for influenza outbreaks over three years, in addition to enhanced surveillance. The primary outcome measure was the attack rate of influenza. Secondary outcomes measures were deaths, hospitalisation, pneumonia and adverse events. Laboratory testing was performed to identify the viral cause of influenza-like illness (ILI) outbreaks. The study period 30 June 2006 to 23 December 2008 included three southern hemisphere winters. During that time, influenza was confirmed as the cause of nine of the 23 ILI outbreaks that occurred amongst the 16 ACFs. The policy of T&P resulted in a significant reduction in the influenza attack rate amongst residents: 93/255 (36%) in residents in T facilities versus 91/397 (23%) in T&P facilities (p = 0.002). We observed a non-significant reduction in staff: 46/216 (21%) in T facilities versus 47/350 (13%) in T&P facilities (p = 0.5). There was a significant reduction in mean duration of outbreaks (T = 24 days, T&P = 11 days, p = 0.04). Deaths, hospitalisations and pneumonia were non-significantly reduced in the T&P allocated facilities. Drug adverse events were common but tolerated.ConclusionOur trial lacked power but these results provide some support for a policy of “treatment and prophylaxis” with oseltamivir in controlling influenza outbreaks in ACFs.Trail RegistrationAustralian Clinical Trials Registry ACTRN12606000278538

show abstract

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Influenza A- and influenza B-specific complement fixing antibody titres were determined on acute and convalescent sera in parallel, with definitive influenza recorded if there was a four-fold or greater rise in titres [20].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Treating and Preventing Influenza in Aged Care Facilities: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

et al. 2012

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Influenza testing included the following: 1) point-of-care tests (POCTs) performed either on site or in the laboratory (Quickvue A & B; Quidel, San Diego, CA, USA, or BinaxNOW Influenza A & B, Binax, Scarborough, ME, USA), 2) antigen detection using type-specific indirect fluorescent antibodies (IFA) (Chemicon, Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA, or Bartels, Immunodiagnostic Supplies Inc., Bellevue, WA, USA); 3) validated in-house type- and subtype-specific nucleic acid testing (NAT) by using PCR that targeted the matrix, nonstructural, and hemagglutinin region of the influenza virus genome; and 4) virus culture using MDCK cells ( 13 ). IFA and NAT were the preferred diagnostic methods.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Outbreaks during World Youth Day 2008 Mass Gathering

Blyth

Foo²,

Hal³

et al. 2010

Emerg. Infect. Dis.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…*Case definition outbreak values were subsequently used in the Markov model and are similar to previous published case definition ranges of between 44 and 87% [28], [29], [30], [31], [32].†The “gold standard” was defined as isolation of influenza virus by culture and/or detection of virus by PCR 1 The calculated laboratory testing values were subsequently used in the Markov model and are similar to published PCR, IFA and POCT sensitivities of 90 to 100% [13], [33], [34], [35]; 60 to 100% [12], [36], [37] and 50 to 95% [38], [39], [40] respectively.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…All positive IFA samples were inoculated into Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell lines with cultured viral identification confirmed by IFA. Following the outbreak, virus detection was conducted on all samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) targeting the matrix region of the influenza virus genome [12], [13]. Testing was performed on the stored respiratory specimen aliquots (at −80°C) following nucleic acid extraction with a commercial assay (Roche® High Pure, Mannheim, Germany).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influenza Outbreak during Sydney World Youth Day 2008: The Utility of Laboratory Testing and Case Definitions on Mass Gathering Outbreak Containment

et al. 2009

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundInfluenza causes annual epidemics and often results in extensive outbreaks in closed communities. To minimize transmission, a range of interventions have been suggested. For these to be effective, an accurate and timely diagnosis of influenza is required. This is confirmed by a positive laboratory test result in an individual whose symptoms are consistent with a predefined clinical case definition. However, the utility of these clinical case definitions and laboratory testing in mass gathering outbreaks remains unknown.Methods and ResultsAn influenza outbreak was identified during World Youth Day 2008 in Sydney. From the data collected on pilgrims presenting to a single clinic, a Markov model was developed and validated against the actual epidemic curve. Simulations were performed to examine the utility of different clinical case definitions and laboratory testing strategies for containment of influenza outbreaks. Clinical case definitions were found to have the greatest impact on averting further cases with no added benefit when combined with any laboratory test. Although nucleic acid testing (NAT) demonstrated higher utility than indirect immunofluorescence antigen or on-site point-of-care testing, this effect was lost when laboratory NAT turnaround times was included. The main benefit of laboratory confirmation was limited to identification of true influenza cases amenable to interventions such as antiviral therapy.ConclusionsContinuous re-evaluation of case definitions and laboratory testing strategies are essential for effective management of influenza outbreaks during mass gatherings.

show abstract

Laboratory diagnosis of influenza virus infection

Cited by 38 publications

References 60 publications

Treating and Preventing Influenza in Aged Care Facilities: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

Treating and Preventing Influenza in Aged Care Facilities: A Cluster Randomised Controlled Trial

Influenza Outbreaks during World Youth Day 2008 Mass Gathering

Influenza Outbreak during Sydney World Youth Day 2008: The Utility of Laboratory Testing and Case Definitions on Mass Gathering Outbreak Containment

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About