Laboratory investigations are indispensable to monitor the progress of measles elimination—results of the German Measles Sentinel 1999–2003

Tischer, Annedore; Santibanez, Sabine; Siedler, Anette; Heider, Alla; Hengel, Hartmut

doi:10.1016/j.jcv.2004.05.007

Cited by 38 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…It has been stated in publications that the IgM serum antibody level peaks within 2 days after onset of the rash (18). However, researchers in other studies found the RNA detection rate in throat swab specimens (98%) higher than that of MeV-specific IgM (83%) during the first 3 days after onset of the rash (17), in agreement with our results. Direct detection also enables diagnosis of cases of IgG-positive patients as reinfections after natural immunity or secondary vaccine failures which develop with no IgM production ( Table 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

“…RT-PCR was a more sensitive direct-detection technique than isolation in cell cultures, despite the high (44.2%) rate of isolation from urine in comparison to the rates reported for other studies, 22% (17) and 18% (18). In spite of the fact that the genotype can be obtained through direct genomic amplification, viral isolation provides live virus, which is useful for a more extensive characterization of the strains involved in the outbreaks.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

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Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain

et al. 2005

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain

et al. 2005

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“…Serum was sent for confirmatory testing, and urine specimens and throat swabs were submitted for virus detection, sequencing and genotyping of the MV RNA following standard instructions [12]. IgM and IgG serology tests were carried out as described by Tischer et al [13] and genotyping was performed according to the WHO recommendation [14]. Sequences were aligned using ClustalW [15] and further analysed using SeqScape 2.5 and MEGA 4.0 DNA analysis software [16].…”

Section: Laboratory Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

The measles outbreak in Bulgaria, 2009–2011: An epidemiological assessment and lessons learnt

et al. 2016

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Measles re-emerged in a nationwide outbreak in Bulgaria from 2009 to 2011 despite reported high vaccination coverage at national level. This followed an eight-year period since the last indigenous cases of measles were detected. The Bulgarian National Centre of Infectious and Parasitic Diseases collated measles surveillance data for 2009–2011. We analysed data for age group, sex, ethnicity, diagnosis confirmation, vaccination, hospitalisation, disease complications, and death and describe the outbreak control measures taken. The outbreak started in April 2009 following an importation of measles virus and affected 24,364 persons, predominantly Roma. Most cases (73%) were among children < 15 years old. Vaccination status was available for 52% (n = 12,630) of cases. Of children 1–14 years old, 22% (n = 1,769) were unvaccinated and 70% (n = 5,518) had received one dose of a measles-containing vaccine. Twenty-four measles-related deaths were reported. The Roma ethnic group was particularly susceptible to measles. The magnitude of the outbreak resulted primarily from the accumulation of susceptible children over time. This outbreak serves as a reminder that both high vaccination coverage and closing of immunity gaps across all sections of the population are crucial to reach the goal of measles elimination.

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“…Measles genotypes are not geographically confined; however, there are predominant circulating clades in certain areas. For example, in Italy and France the main reported genotype is D7 [Zandotti et al, 2004;Ciofi Degli Atti et al, 2006], whereas, other countries in Europe, such as in Germany and Spain, have reported the presence of a broad diversity of circulating strains genotypes B3, C2, D4, D5, D6, D7, G2, and H1 [Tischer et al, 2004;Mosquera et al, 2005] More recently during 2005 and 2006, in the World Health Organisation (Kremer et al, 2008) European Region major epidemics were associated with genotypes D4, D6, and B3, although other genotypes were found after importation from other continents (B2, D5, D8, D9, G2, and H1) [Kremer et al, 2008].…”

Section: Measles Virus (Mev) Is the Sole Member Of The Genusmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular epidemiology of circulating measles virus in Ireland 2002–2007

Carr

Conway

Waters

et al. 2008

Journal of Medical Virology

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The molecular characterization of measles virus (MeV) is a valuable epidemiological tool to monitor virus transmission and to discriminate between imported and endemic infection. There has been significant immigration into Ireland in recent years and many individuals originate from regions of high measles incidence. Ireland has had a number of outbreaks of MeV which appear attributable to sub‐optimal vaccine uptake and possibly imported strains as new genotypes have been identified in recent years. To ascertain any significant changes in circulating measles genotypes we investigated 65 confirmed measles cases between the years 2002 and 2007. The laboratory diagnosis of measles was confirmed by detection of measles‐specific IgM in oral fluid in conjunction with a real‐time polymerase chain reaction assay targeting the MeV hemagglutinin gene. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 3′ hypervariable region of the nucleoprotein gene was performed and three genotypes, all within measles clade D, were found to be circulating during this time period. In 2002 and 2003, genotype D8 (n = 2) was observed whereas genotype D7 was dominant in 2003 (n = 31). A distinct change in the circulating MeV genotype and increased genetic diversity was observed between 2004 and 2007. All cases were within genotype D4 (n = 32) but were phylogenetically distinct from each other. These data provide important epidemiologic baseline information on MeV in Ireland and facilitates detailed examination of measles transmission. J. Med. Virol. 81:125–129, 2009. © 2008 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Laboratory investigations are indispensable to monitor the progress of measles elimination—results of the German Measles Sentinel 1999–2003

Cited by 38 publications

References 51 publications

Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain

Evaluation of Diagnostic Markers for Measles Virus Infection in the Context of an Outbreak in Spain

The measles outbreak in Bulgaria, 2009–2011: An epidemiological assessment and lessons learnt

Molecular epidemiology of circulating measles virus in Ireland 2002–2007

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