Laboratory methods for estimating available nitrogen in manures and sludges

Chescheir, G. M.; Westerman, P. W.; Safley, L. M.

doi:10.1016/0141-4607(86)90112-5

Cited by 56 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…As for total mineralized N, initial potential rate of N mineralization (N 0 xk) was higher for cattle manure composts than for sheep or horse manure composts. These results indicate, as suggested by Chescheir et al (1986), that the type of organic material and chemical composition cause variation in N mineralization.…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 49%

Nitrogen mineralization and availability in manure composts from Québec biological farms

N’Dayegamiye¹,

Royer²,

Audesse³

1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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N'Dayegamiye, A., Royer, R. and Audesse, P. 1997. Nitrogen-mineralization and availability in manure composts from Québec biological farms. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 345-350. The real contribution of composts to N availability depends on their characteristics and maturity. A laboratory incubation experiment (140 d) was conducted parallel to a greenhouse study (330 d) in a split-split-plot design, with, respectively, two peat rates (0, 20 g kg -1 soil), five manure composts and four compost rates (0, 250, 500 and 750 g kg -1 soil). Compost N mineralization, orchardgrass (Dactylis Glomerata L.) yield and N uptake were measured. Total amount of mineralized N and yields and N uptake for six cuts of orchardgrass varied significantly with the type of composts and rate. Peat addition temporarily decreased compost N mineralization rate but significantly increased orchardgrass yields and N uptake as compared to peatless treatments. Mineralized N represented <3% of total N, whereas N uptake by orchardgrass represented 13-40% of total N among composts. This low mineralized N value compared to total N and total N uptake was due to a high maturity of the composts studied. This was shown by high humic acid : fulvic acid fraction ratios (3.1 to 4.8) and low nonhumic fraction:humic acid+fulvic acid ratios (0.10 to 0.12), as well as low C/N ratios, high bulk density, high ash content, pH, NO 3 -N and CEC values. Even if peat addition decreased mineralized N basically due to temporary N immobilization, its application significantly increased yields and N uptake probably by improving physical conditions in soil-manure compost mixtures. Peat addition to mature manure composts should be considered as an interesting alternative for horticultural plants sensitive to high NO 3 -N content from mature composts.Key word: Manure composts, peat, N mineralization, N availability, humification ratios or indexes, yields, orchardgrass N'Dayegamiye, A., Royer, R. et Audesse, P. 1997. Minéralisation et disponibilité de l'azote des composts de fumier. Can. J. Soil Sci. 77: 345-350. La disponibilité de l'azote des composts de fumier est reliée à leurs caractéristiques physico-chimiques et leur maturité. Une étude en incubation prolongée (140 jours) a été conduite ainsi qu'un essai en serres (330 jours) afin d'évaluer l'effet de l'ajout de tourbe, du type de composts et des doses de composts sur la minéralisation d'azote, ainsi que sur le rendement et les prélèvements en azote du millet japonais (Dactylis Glomerata L.). Le dispositif consistait en split-split-plot avec deux doses de tourbe (0, 20 g kg -1 sol), cinq types de composts de fumier et quatre doses de composts (0, 250, 500, 750 g kg -1 sol), respectivement. Les résultats obtenus montrent que le type et la dose de composts ont significativement influencé le contenu en azote total minéralisé ainsi que le rendement et les prélèvements en azote du millet japonais pendant six coupes. L'ajout de la tourbe aux composts de fumier a temporairement diminué le taux de minéralisation des composts, mais a ...

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Section: Nitrogen Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 49%

Nitrogen mineralization and availability in manure composts from Québec biological farms

N’Dayegamiye¹,

Royer²,

Audesse³

1997

Can. J. Soil. Sci.

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“…The lowest values were observed in case of poultry and sheep manure (Tables 7,8). Poultry manure contains, apart from protein, either undigested or partially digested during transit through the gut, a mixture of NH 4 , urea, uric acid (Chescheir et al 1986;Kirchmann and Witter 1992), compounds that are not extracted by pepsin. Organic N in fresh cow dung was mineralised a little easier than organic N in cow and pig manure (higher N pep /N o and RE o in Tables 7 and 10), probably because manure contains straw besides dung.…”

Section: Usefulness Of the Double-pot Techniquementioning

confidence: 99%

Laboratory and greenhouse assessment of plant availability of organic N in animal manure

Antil

Janssen

Lantinga

2009

Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst

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Laboratory data (thermal fractionation, pepsin extraction, C:N o ratio) of dung and manure were mutually compared and contrasted with plantavailability of organic N (N o ) as found in a greenhouse experiment according to the double-pot technique. Two types of fresh cow dung (one with a relatively wide and the other with a relatively narrow C:N o ratio) and four types of manure (from poultry, sheep, pigs and cow) were compared with ammonium nitrate as chemical reference fertilizer. Relative effectiveness of organic N (RE o ) was used as characteristic; it was calculated as the fraction of organic N that has the same availability to plants as inorganic N. RE o for poultry and sheep manure could not be assessed, probably because of NH 3 volatilization causing direct damage to plants and N losses. RE o values decreased in the order: dung with narrow C:N o [ dung with wide C:N o [ pig manure [ cow manure. Thermal fractionation did not provide a suitable index of plant-availability of organic N. Pepsin extracted organic N gave a positive, and C:N o ratio a negative relationship with RE o . Also between pepsin extracted organic N and C:N o ratio a negative relationship was found. As C:N o ratio is relatively easy to determine, it is considered the most practical laboratory index for plant availability of organic N in animal manures low in ammonia. When using the double-pot technique, application rates of manure types high in ammonia should be restricted.

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“…soil texture (Sørensen and Jensen 1995a), soil characteristics (Schjonning et al 1999), microbial activity (Bengtsson et al 2002) and environmental factors (Katterer et al 1998;Watts et al 2007). It has been shown in earlier studies that the net N mineralization rate of manure is negatively correlated with the soil clay content (Castellanos and Pratt 1981;Chescheir et al 1986;Sørensen and Jensen 1995a and b). The three main reasons for this phenomenon are (i) fixation of NH 4 + -N into the interlayer spaces of clay minerals (Nieder et al 2011), (ii) entrapment of organic N compounds in soil aggregates inaccessible to microbes and (iii) physical protection of the microbial biomass in the soil structure (Van Veen and Kuikman 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several attempts have been made to examine the effects of soil physical and chemical characteristics on manure N mineralization, but nearly all of this work has been carried out in the absence of plants (Castellanos and Pratt 1981;Chescheir et al 1986;Sørensen and Jensen 1995a and b;Thomsen and Olesen 2000). Jonasson et al (2006) demonstrated that measurements of net N mineralization in a cropless soil yield underestimations of plant N availability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mineralization and herbage recovery of animal manure nitrogen after application to various soil types

et al. 2012

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Laboratory methods for estimating available nitrogen in manures and sludges

Cited by 56 publications

References 10 publications

Nitrogen mineralization and availability in manure composts from Québec biological farms

Nitrogen mineralization and availability in manure composts from Québec biological farms

Laboratory and greenhouse assessment of plant availability of organic N in animal manure

Mineralization and herbage recovery of animal manure nitrogen after application to various soil types

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