Laboratory Reactors

Kapteijn, Freek; Moulijn, Jacob A.; Weitkamp, Jens; Dalmon, J.A.

doi:10.1002/9783527619474.ch9

Cited by 37 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 111 publications

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“…In analyzing the effects of reactor parameters on the performance of hBN, we first estimated the possible influence of transport phenomena on the observed reactivity. The applied analytical criteria have been extensively documented. − In the following sections, we present our analysis of our “base case” scenario, using 100 mg of undiluted hBN (425–600 μm particle size) and an 8 mm i.d. reactor with a feed composition of C 3 H 8 :O 2 :N 2 = 1:0.5:1.83 and a feed flow rate of 40 mL STP /min.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition to this axial dispersion criterion, wall effects, where the concentration of catalyst is influenced by the presence of an inert wall, must be taken into account. This consideration leads to the classical rule of thumb for the ratio of the tube inner diameter to the particle diameter (eq ): This criterion is met in the most conservative of cases, where d p is taken to be the upper limit of 600 μm and d t / d p = 13.3.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Influence of Reactor Parameters on the Boron Nitride-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

Venegas

Hermans

2018

Org. Process Res. Dev.

111

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In this contribution, we investigate the effect of various reactor parameters on the oxidative dehydrogenation (ODH) of propane using a hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) heterogeneous catalyst. The analysis begins with an assessment of the influence of mass and heat transport on the observed ODH activity. Unexpected experimental results during this analysis prompted us to investigate the use of SiC as an inert catalyst diluent, and we found an increase in propane conversion with increasing diluent content in the reactor. Control experiments suggested that SiC itself is catalytically inactive and that there may be a significant influence of gas-phase chemistry on the observed reactivity.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Influence of Reactor Parameters on the Boron Nitride-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

Venegas

Hermans

2018

Org. Process Res. Dev.

111

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“…Figure 4 demonstrates the N 2 adsorption-desorption isotherms for all the catalysts. The isotherms of Cr 2 O 3 -P and Cr 2 O 3 -SCS exhibit type IV characteristic (according to the IUPAC classification) with a well-defined capillary condensation step and H3 hysteresis loops which are usually observed with the aggregates of particles giving rise to slit-shape pores [31]. The pores are majorly generated between particles gaps.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Cr2O3 Nanoparticles and the Catalytic Performance for Dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane to 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene

Wang

Han

et al. 2019

Molecules

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Cr2O3 nanoparticles were prepared by solution combustion synthesis (SCS) with chromium nitrate as the precursor and glycine as the fuel. Commercial Cr2O3 and Cr2O3 prepared by a precipitation method were also included for comparison. The morphology, structure, acidity and particle size of fresh and spent Cr2O3 catalysts were investigated by techniques such as XRD, SEM, TEM, BET and NH3-TPD. In addition, catalytic performance was evaluated for the dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane (CF3CH2CHF2, HFC-245fa) to 1,3,3,3-tetra-fluoropropene (CF3CH=CHF, HFO-1234ze). The catalytic reaction rate of Cr2O3 prepared by SCS method is as high as 6 mmol/h/g, which is about 1.5 times and 2 times higher than that of precipitated Cr2O3 and commercial Cr2O3, respectively. The selectivity to HFO-1234ze for all the catalysts maintains at about 80%. Compared with commercial and precipitated Cr2O3, Cr2O3-SCS prepared by SCS possesses higher specific surface area and acid amount. Furthermore, significant change in the crystal size of Cr2O3 prepared by SCS after reaction was not detected, indicating high resistance to sintering.

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“…Since each level is assimilated to a pseudo-homogeneous medium with its own morphological properties (its own characteristic size L i (m), bulk density ρ i (kg/m 3 ), void fraction ε i , and single pore radius r 0,i (m)), each level is characterized by its own Weisz modulus. Using the Bosanquet formula which describes the way to combine molecular and Knudsen diffusiv-ities [29,31,33], the Knudsen diffusivity equation [27,33] and the approximation according to which the tortuosity factor is inversely proportional to the void fraction [27,31] the effective diffusivity can be developed and Eq. (3) is then written:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pd–Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst forming by impregnation on alumina foams

Alié

Ferauche

Léonard

et al. 2006

Chemical Engineering Journal

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A Pd-Ag/SiO 2 xerogel catalyst prepared in one step by sol-gel process has been entrapped in cylindrical porous alumina foams of three different pore sizes in order to shape the catalyst under the appropriate form with suitable mechanical resistance to be used in an industrial fixed bed reactor. After drying, calcination and reduction, the Pd-Ag/SiO 2 xerogel catalyst pellets are immobilized inside the open porosity of the alumina foam. The localization of the xerogel catalyst in the alumina foams has been studied by X-ray tomography. The threedimensional porous structure was reconstructed from the consecutive cross-sections obtained by this technique. This method shows that the Pd-Ag/SiO 2 xerogel catalyst is uniformly dispersed inside the porosity of the alumina foams. Activity and selectivity of Pd-Ag/SiO 2 xerogel catalyst reference or catalyst entrapped in alumina foams have been studied for selective hydrodechlorination of 1,2-dichloroethane into ethylene. The specific reaction rate obtained with catalyst entrapped in alumina foams is smaller than the one obtained from corresponding catalyst powders. The catalytic activity decrease observed for Pd-Ag/SiO 2 xerogel catalyst entrapped in porous alumina foams most probably arises from diffusional limitations inside the porous texture of the alumina foams.

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Laboratory Reactors

Cited by 37 publications

References 111 publications

The Influence of Reactor Parameters on the Boron Nitride-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

The Influence of Reactor Parameters on the Boron Nitride-Catalyzed Oxidative Dehydrogenation of Propane

Solution Combustion Synthesis of Cr2O3 Nanoparticles and the Catalytic Performance for Dehydrofluorination of 1,1,1,3,3-Pentafluoropropane to 1,3,3,3-Tetrafluoropropene

Pd–Ag/SiO2 xerogel catalyst forming by impregnation on alumina foams

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