Steam-based EOR methods
for viscous oil recovery from fractured
reservoirs have significant challenges in both cost and energy efficiency.
In response, solvent-based methods have been of interest because of
their low energy intensity, low greenhouse gas emissions, and no fresh
water consumption. Injection strategies for viscous oil recovery by
solvent include liquid extraction and vapor oil gravity drainage.
Understanding the mechanisms in each phase is of great value for the
successful application and optimization of solvent EOR processes.
The work presented here studies the effect of solvent injection rate
on viscous oil recovery by liquid extraction with n-butane in vertically placed sandstone cores with an artificial fracture.
The oil production rate, ultimate recovery, and in situ deasphalting
in different sections of the core are analyzed. The oil production
rate increased with solvent injection rate until it leveled off as
the injection rate exceeded a critical value. The ultimate recovery
factor is nearly the same for all solvent injection rates below the
critical value. However, it is significantly reduced at higher injection
rates. A conceptual model based on convective mass transfer is proposed
and the effect of mechanical dispersion is discussed. In situ deasphalting
was observed in all cases. The cause of the unexpected changes in
production rate was attributed to severe asphaltene deposition and
remobilization in the fractured permeable rock. In such a medium,
solvent injection rate seems to show an optimal value for maximizing
oil production rate, ultimate recovery factor, and solvent efficiency.