Laboratory Study of N2O Formation from Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Miettinen, Heije; Paulsson, Maria; Stroemberg, Dan

doi:10.1021/ef00049a002

Cited by 24 publications

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“…The effect of different 15 NO and CO concentrations in the inlet gas, as well as the effect of changing gas residence time within the fixed bed and after the fixed bed on the emission of N 2 O from char particles burning at single-particle conditions, is reported. The N 2 O reduction potential of the reactor and the fixed bed including the char particles, as well as the conditions for single particle combustion, has been reported earlier in ref .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

“…In the last few years many experimental efforts have been performed in order to understand the formation and the destruction mechanisms of N 2 O during fluidized bed combustion. This work is a continuation of the general discussion and a continuation of the particular discussion of N 2 O formation in the work “Laboratory Study of N 2 O Formation from Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions” . The issue is whether the formation of N 2 O from char combustion should be described by a homogeneous or a heterogeneous mechanism or by a combination of both.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The Experimental Setup. The tests were run in a fixed-bed reactor shown in Figure and earlier described in ref . The reactor consists of a removable quartz tube (28 mm i.d.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Laboratory Study of N₂O Formation from ¹⁵N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Miettinen

1996

Energy Fuels

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This paper is a continuation of the discussion of N2O formation during char combustion started in a previous paper (Energy Fuels 1995, 9, 10−19). The effect of different NO and CO concentrations in the inlet gas, as well as the effect of changing gas residence time within the fixed bed and after the fixed bed on the emission of N2O from char particles burning at single particle conditions, is reported. In order to distinguish between char nitrogen and NO from the inlet gas a 15N-isotope-marked NO was used in the inlet gas. The experiments were carried out in a fixed bed reactor containing quartz sand (SiO2) to support the coal particles. The bituminous coal particles were devolatilized in situ prior to the actual combustion in an argon flow. The inlet gas mixture contained 15NO, CO, O2, and Ar or just 15NO, O2, and Ar. The 15NO concentration was varied between 500 and 1950 ppm, and the CO concentration was varied between 0 and 2500 ppm. The inlet gas flow was varied between 297 and 1200 mL/min NTP (273 K, 1 atm). The bed temperature was 1073 K. The off-gases were analyzed for N2O. The addition of 15NO to the inlet gas led to the formation of 15N14NO and 15N2O, and the formation of these species increased with increasing concentration of 15NO in the inlet gas, especially the formation of 15N2O. The formation of 15N14NO was greater than the formation of 15N2O under all circumstances examined, but with increasing 15NO concentration in the inlet gas the 15N2O formation increased, and was almost as great as the formation of 15N14NO. The influence of gas residence time within the fixed bed and after the fixed bed was confirmed, and the N2O formation and formation of 15N14NO and 15N2O increased substantially with increasing gas residence time. The addition of CO to the inlet gas had almost no effect on the N2O formation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 61%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 88%

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Laboratory Study of N₂O Formation from ¹⁵N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Miettinen

1996

Energy Fuels

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“…Then the nature of the primary molecule which results from fuel oxidation cannot been obtained from NO measurements. We can see in Figure 6 that there is a peak of HCN and N 2 O in the combustion zone; the concentrations of these two molecules fall down to zero after 1 s. This concentration profile is different from the ones observed for coal combustion in a fluidized bed, in which N 2 O is the result of a secondary homogeneous formation from HCN (Miettinen et al, 1995). This behavior can be explained by the high temperature that is observed in this section of the reactor (higher than 1000 C); as a consequence, the evolution of nitrous oxide is the result of the competition between its thermal decomposition and its formation from HCN.…”

Section: Fate Of the Fuel Nitrogenmentioning

confidence: 71%

The Formation and Reduction of No During the Combustion of Powdered Petroleum Coke—the Case of Cement Plant Precalciner Conditions

Commandré

Salvador

Steene

et al. 2005

Combustion Science and Technology

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“…Nitrogen contained in the fuel is released during combustion and oxidizes in the presence of air (O 2 ) to form NO. Biomass is a solid fuel, and some authors have linked the processes of NO x formation to those of coal and therefore concluded that, in cases of fuel with a very low mass fraction of nitrogen, 70% to 100% of fuel N is converted to NO [30]. Moreover, studies have shown that it is possible to correlate the fuel nitrogen to the NO conversion and the O/N and H/N ratios [31][32][33].…”

Section: Nitrogen Oxides Predictionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Viability of Agricultural and Forestry Residues as Biomass Fuels in the Galicia-North Portugal Region: An Experimental Study

et al. 2020

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In this study, an experimental approach was utilized to assess the viability of three biomass fuels in a small laboratory-scale combustor. Three feedstocks currently considered as residues were selected based on their widespread presence in the Euroregion Galicia-North Portugal, and some were modified to improve their behavior by removing fine particles or adding substances to increase the melting point of the ashes. The experimental facility was a highly modifiable, fixed-bed combustor with air-staging capabilities and a wide array of sensors intended to measure a large quantity of parameters. A series of tests was performed to cover the widest range of total air flows possible for the facility, with values of 0.223, 0.279 and 0.334 kg/m²s being used, while 30% of the total air flow enters from below the combustion bed and 70% over it. Results from the proximate and elemental analyses show high proportions of ash in every fuel compared to commercial wood pellets, and empirical deposition indexes suggest a high risk of fouling and slagging. Testing confirmed the analysis predictions, resulting in the kiwi- and vine-based fuels not being suitable for a facility without ash elimination systems. Some modifications of the gorse fuel showed improved behavior compared to unmodified gorse fuel, namely, the addition of a 2% mass fraction of CaCO3 and the removal of fine particles. The former prevented ash sintering, and the latter greatly decreased the fouling of the heat exchanger tubes. These results suggest that some of the vegetal species studied might be suitable for their use in small-scale biomass burners, and besides the accuracy of one of the deposition indexes used is confirmed.

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Laboratory Study of N2O Formation from Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Cited by 24 publications

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Laboratory Study of N₂O Formation from ¹⁵N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Laboratory Study of N₂O Formation from ¹⁵N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

The Formation and Reduction of No During the Combustion of Powdered Petroleum Coke—the Case of Cement Plant Precalciner Conditions

Viability of Agricultural and Forestry Residues as Biomass Fuels in the Galicia-North Portugal Region: An Experimental Study

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Laboratory Study of N2O Formation from Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Cited by 24 publications

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Laboratory Study of N2O Formation from 15N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Laboratory Study of N2O Formation from 15N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

The Formation and Reduction of No During the Combustion of Powdered Petroleum Coke—the Case of Cement Plant Precalciner Conditions

Viability of Agricultural and Forestry Residues as Biomass Fuels in the Galicia-North Portugal Region: An Experimental Study

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Laboratory Study of N₂O Formation from ¹⁵N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions

Laboratory Study of N₂O Formation from ¹⁵N-Isotope-Marked NO While Burning Char Particles at FBC Conditions